查询词典 at the cost

The membrane isolation pumps is one kind of hydromass transportation hydraulic system,can reduce the cartage expense greatly,but indirectly brings the huge social efficiency,safe reliable,the work rate is high,may not stop nearly carries on the whole year to transport,does not have the material to lose nearly,the easy automatic control,to be advantageous for the maintenance management The hydraulic pressure diaphragm pump is one kind of fill domestic diaphragm pump which we develops in high-pressured,the small curr ent capacity pulp transportation aspect blank pumps plants,it and the common diaphragm pump main difference is:Has substituted for the crank connecting rod,the reduction gear using the hydraulic pump and so on aseries of equipments direct drive piston motion,this causes its structure is greatly the simplification,the cost drops greatly;When at the same time also requests the piston the commutation confidential assurance extremely accurately,but must realize this point theoretically and all has the very great difficulty in fact.

膜隔离泵就是一种浆体输送的液压系统，能大大降低运输费用，可间接带来巨大的社会效益，安全可靠，作业率高，几乎可不停地进行全年输送，几乎没有物料损耗，易于自动控制，便于维护管理。液压隔膜泵是我们开发的一种填补国内隔膜泵在高压、小流量矿浆输送方面空白的泵种，它与一般的主要区别是：利用液压泵取代了曲柄连杆、减速器等一系列装置直接驱动活塞运动，这使其结构大为简化，成本大大下降；但同时也要求活塞的换向时机要把握得非常准确，而要实现这一点理论上和实际上都存在很大难度。

The buyer must, subject to the provisions of A3, pay all costs relating to the goods from the time they have been delivered in accordance with A4; and all costs and charges relating to the goods whilst in transit until their arrival at the port of destination, unless such costs and charges were for the seller's account under the contract of carriage; and unloading costs including lighterage and wharfage charges, unless such costs and charges were for the seller's account under the contract of carriage; and all additional costs incurred if he fails to give notice in accordance with B7, for the goods from the agreed date or the expiry date of the period fixed for shipment, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; and where applicable 7 , all duties, taxes and other charges as well as die costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country less included within the cost of the contract of carriage.

除A3a规定外，买方必须支付自按照A4规定交货时起的一切费用；及货物在运输途中直至到达目的港为止的一切费用，除非这些费用根据运输合同应由卖方支付；及包括驳运费和码头费在内的卸货费，除非这些费用根据运输合同应由卖方支付；及如买方未按照B7规定给予卖方通知，则自约定的装运日期或装运期限届满之日起，货物所发生的一切额外费用，但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下，即清楚地划出或以其他方式确定为合同项下之货物为限；及在需要办理海关手续时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，及办理海关手续的费用，以及需要时从他国过境的费用，除非这些费用已包括在运输合同中。

Centrifugal energy saving analysis and measures: 1 improve the efficiency of centrifugal pumps a first step, in the selection of comparison, when many suppliers Selection program, in considering the cost-effective choice as far as possible under the premise of efficient programs; the second step , accredited professionals must Mill producers, affecting the pump efficiency of the key components such as impellers, pump body, pump cover, diversion devices, such as the manufacture of quality producers, especially for the airfoil impeller , outlet angle, leaves the sub-degrees, the shape of flow channel, to control the quality of finish, etc., so that products are delivered in the current production under the conditions of highly efficient products; the third step, the scene in the production of installation and debugging process, pump to ensure a solid foundation, with the driving machine for good, before and after valve flexible piping layout design is reasonable, on-site control is feasible and safe, the complete and accurate monitoring instrumentation to ensure that pump operation can carry out real-time monitoring; fourth step , are at long-term operation of water pumps necessary to pay attention to the equipment inspection and found anomalies reflect real-time reporting, in the normal minor repairs, overhaul cycle, to deal with the replacement of wearing parts inspection to ensure the pump's long-term safe and efficient operation.

第一步，在选型时多比较各供应商的选型方案，在考虑性价比的前提下尽量选用效率高的方案；第二步，派驻一定的专业人员驻厂监制，对影响水泵效率的关键零部件如叶轮、泵体、泵盖、导流器等的制造质量进行监制，尤其对叶轮的翼形、出水角、叶片的分度、流道的形状、光洁度等质量进行控制，使交付的产品是在当前的生产条件下的高效率的产品；第三步，在生产现场的安装调试过程中，要保证泵的基础牢靠，与驱动机对中良好，前后阀门开关灵活，管道布置设计合理，现场控制安全可行，各运行监控仪表齐全准确，保证泵的运行过程能够进行实时监控；第四步，是在水泵的长期运行中要注意对设备的点检，发现异常情况即时反映汇报，在正常的小修、大修周期中，应对各易损件进行检查更换，保证泵的长期高效安全的运行。

Subject to the conditions of this section and to such terms and conditions as the Administrator determines to be necessary to carry out the purposes of this title, the Administrator is authorized to guarantee, and to make commitments to guarantee, the principal and interest (including interest accruing between the date of default and the date of the payment in full of the guarantee) of any loan, obligation, or participation therein of any State, municipality, or intermunicipal or interstate agency issued directly and exclusively to the Federal Financing Bank to finance that part of the cost of any grant-eligible project for the construction of publicly owned treatment works not paid for with Federal financial assistance under this title, which project the Administrator has determined to be eligible for such financial assistance under this title, including, but not limited to, projects eligible for reimbursement under section 206 of this title. No guarantee, or commitment to make a guarantee, may be made pursuant to this section—(1) unless the Administrator certifies that the issuing body is unable to obtain on reasonable terms sufficient credit to finance its actual needs without such guarantee; and (2) unless the Administrator determines that there is a reasonable assurance or repayment of the loan, obligation, or participation therein. A determination of whether financing is available at reasonable rates shall be made by the Secretary of the Treasury with relationship to the current average yield on outstanding marketable obligations of municipalities of comparable maturity.

依于这个部分的条件和对如此期限和条件象管理员确定是必要执行这个标题的目的，管理员被批准保证，并且做承诺保证，主要和兴趣(包括兴趣累积在缺省日期和付款的日期之间充分保证)的任何贷款，义务，或参与在其中任何状态，自治市，或intermunicipal 或跨境代办处直接地和完全被发布对联邦财务银行提供经费一部分的任何授予合格的项目的费用为公开地拥有的治疗工作的建筑没被支付以联邦经济援助在这个标题之下，哪个项目管理员确定是有资袼这样的经济援助在这个标题之下没有保证，或承诺做保证，可以被做寻求这个部分(1)除非管理员证明发布的身体无法获得在合理的期限充足的信用提供经费给它的实际需要没有这样的保证；并且(2)除非管理员确定有贷款的合理的保证或偿还，义务，或参与在其中。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

The content of each part follow as: In the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study ofdefinition characteristic of NO, and the existing base of NO-E-Commerceenvironment; In the second one, this part studies the theory base of NO comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost; Chapter three studies the NO from the coordination of NO, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of NO firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of Virtual Enterprise Cluster; Based on such conclusion, studies the model of NO from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode; In Chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling NO with game theory and graphic theory; In the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of NO operational risks, coordination mechanism of NO was studied by individually modeling the NO without core and NO with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of NO; As an important component of coordination mechanism of NO, Chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in NO, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of NO for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in NO were given; The last chapter applied theconclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade Web-SUNBU.

全文共分为七章，主要内容如下：第一章作为全文的理论出发点和基础，围绕网络组织的定义、特征以及网络组织生存基础--电子商务环境等方面对网络组织的基本概念进行了阐述；第二章综合运用核心能力、竞争战略和交易费用理论对网络组织产生的理论基础进行阐述；第三章首先从组织协调的角度对网络组织进行了研究，给出了网络组织的结构，分类和特征，同时并给出了虚拟企业群簇；然后在此基础上分别研究了网络组织的生命周期模型、层次模型、过程模型、价值链模型，以及运行模式；第四章综合运用博弈论、图论的相关知识，通过构建网络组织的模型，对上一章所研究的网络组织结构的形成机理给出了一种理论解释；第五章在分析网络组织运行风险的基础上，分别建立无盟主网络组织的博弈论模型和有盟主网络组织的博弈论模型，详细研究了网络组织的协调机制，然后给出了网络组织协调机制的解决方案；第六章作为网络组织协调机制的重要组成部分，本章在讨论了网络组织中建立信任机制的必要性的基础上，研究了网络组织信任关系的类型，提出了在网络组织中如何建立信任机制。

By using all of the above actions, the best benefits can finally be perused. For most of construction enterprises that have the funds problem, to clear up the old debt is their first step, so as to making full use of the funds and guarantee the enterprise's strength. The enterprise with powerful strength will have more opportunities to choose the superior projects, which has a comparative advantage on the cost control and a well credit standing on the recycling of the project funds. Then more funds the enterprise will have and the strength is powered at the same time. On this benign circle, the enterprise's benefit is surly guarantied. What's more, it will set up a bright flag in the comparatively confused construction profession market.

对于大多数被资金困扰的建筑施工企业而言，清理旧帐是第1步，用活资金，保证实力；实力有了，就有更多的机会选择质优工程；对于质优工程，成本相对来说比较好控制，而且工程款的回收也有保障；然后就有更多的资金，更好的实力……在企业实现自身良性循环的同时，效益当然有保障，更重要的是给相对比较混乱的建筑施工行业市场树立1面鲜明的旗帜。

By using all of the above actions, the best benefits can finally be perused. For most of construction enterprises that have the funds problem, to clear up the old debt is their first step, so as to making full use of the funds and guarantee the enterprise's strength. The enterprise with powerful strength will have more opportunities to choose the superior projects, which has a comparative advantage on the cost control and a well credit standing on the recycling of the project funds. Then more funds the enterprise will have and the strength is powered at the same time. On this benign circle, the enterprise's benefit is surly guarantied. What's more, it will set up a bright flag in the comparatively confused construction profession market.

对于大多数被资金困扰的建筑施工企业而言，清理旧帐是第一步，用活资金，保证实力；实力有了，就有更多的机会选择质优工程；对于质优工程，成本相对来说比较好控制，而且工程款的回收也有保障；然后就有更多的资金，更好的实力……在企业实现自身良性循环的同时，效益当然有保障，更重要的是给相对比较混乱的建筑施工行业市场树立一面鲜明的旗帜。

Aggressive lenders highlight the upfront money-saving benefits and totally ignore or de-emphasize the extensive back end disadvantages, such as the large final payment, the impossibility of refinancing the balloon or the possible refinancing at a cost way beyond the means of the borrower.

侵略性凸显笔放款省钱好处，完全无视或贬低广泛后端弊如大型最后付款气球无法融资或融资的成本可能远超过借款方式。

The NTN each kind of bearing product, is produces take 0.01 micron as unit's precision work and the examination technology, and requests the low cost from both the request high performance at the same time the ordinary domestic electric appliances, still could display its bearing function normally until the request in the severe working conditions the astronavigation rocket, NTN bearing all the various trades and occupations, each use machinery development built the foundation again.

NTN 的各种轴承产品，是以 0.01 微米为单位的高精度加工和检测技术生产出来的，从既要求高性能同时又要求低成本的普通家用电器，直到要求在严酷的工作环境中仍能正常发挥其轴承功能的宇航火箭为止， NTN 轴承再各行各业、各种用途机械的发展打下基础。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。