查询词典 at the cost of

However, today in the legal service industry, there are some conditions that can not be ignored: various subjects supervised by different public sectors,with different entry requirements and professional conduct ,at different cost,provide with the same or similar services in a market .That lead to the disorderly competition, lack and dislocation of the government supervision ,the uneven distribution of legal services resources and the growing tendency of commercial issues and uncredibility on the legel service market. That seriously influnce the healthy development of the legal service market,affect the values of the legal services fuctions and fulfill pushing on the rule of law,improvement of the socialist market economic system and building a socialist harmonious society with great efforts.

但是，法律服务业发展到今天，出现了一些不容忽视的状况：多个法律服务主体以不同的准入条件、不同的执业规范、不同的服务成本在同一个市场上提供相同或相似的服务，受到不同部门的监管，导致多个主体无序竞争、政府监管缺位错位情况突出、法律服务主体资源地区分布不平衡、法律服务业诚信缺失、商业化倾向日趋严重等问题，严重影响了法律服务市场的健康发展，难以有效实现法律服务的价值功能，难以适应依法治国、完善社会主义市场经济体制和构建社会主义和谐社会的需要。

As the internationalization of modern business development , especially in the field of retailing, it's necessary for enterprises to establish branches in a national even a world wide scale which calls for a rush improvement in management. At the same time, the large amount of the goods storage and the huge building areas make the goods merchandise inventory become remarkably complicated which result in high cost and inefficiency. What's more, data recording is a tremendous and time-consuming work as well as data analyzing if made manually; moreover, the monitor of the cameras yet cannot perform in an all-round way leaving some of the places unmonitored.

现代商业发展的模式渐渐走向国际化，特别是在零售业这一方面，在全国乃至全世界各地设立分支机构已经是企业发展的必经之路，因而在管理模式上迫切需要得到改进；而在此同时，现代商场庞大的货物存储总量和巨大的建筑面积使得商品盘存变得极为复杂，商场货品盘存高成本低效率；人工记录数据不仅工作量大，进行数据分析时也是一项费时费力的工作；同时由于摄像头的监控难以实现全方位，有不可避免的死角存在。

In the problem of handling the social contradictions,the traditional cultures preach up man's power.substituting rights for laws.and when it's unpartial in jurisdiction it's general.while in west people hail for laws.raising up the authority of constitution and rules which not only maintains the rights and freedom of citizens but also at the most degree, decreases the social cost

在社会矛盾的处理上，中国传统文化崇高人治。以权力代替法律。司法不公的现象十分普遍。西方则崇高法治，在全社会崇高宪法和法律的权威。既维护了公民的权利和自由，又最大程度地减少社会成本。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Any given oil well has a finite supply of oil, and the wells' production follows the shape of a bell curve. Extracting oil is cheap and easy on the curve's upslope but after the the well has peaked – the point at which half of the well's oil has been extracted – production becomes more difficult and expensive. The output of the well begins to decline and will never recover; production falls steadily and the cost to extract the oil rises.

由於任何一个油井都只有固定的供应量，因此每个油井的原油产量都会遵循钟型曲线：一开始汲取原油很便宜也很容易，因此曲线是上升的，但当油井的产量到顶之后–也就是油井中的原油存量已被汲取出一半时–原油的生产就会变得愈渐困难且昂贵，油井的输出产量也开始下降，而且再也无法恢复，所以产量也将持续减少、使得生产成本不断增加。

These skills allow him to use the viticultural 'strengths' of an area to create the optimum quality wine at the optimum cost.

这些技能使他能够使用葡萄种植作为优势，以最佳成本生产出最佳的优质葡萄酒。

The stability of the company's products, reliability, durability, cost-effective in the same industry come to the fore, at the same time high quality products, perfect service, the fighting spirit of excellence, won the overwhelming majority of the user's trust and support.

公司产品的稳定性、可靠性、耐用性、性价比在同行业中脱颖而出，同时以优质的产品、完善服务、精益求精的拼搏精神，赢得了广大用户的信赖和支持。

The car was not much to look at, the young man selling it was not very convincing, and the car cost money, of which I had precious little.

那车没有太多可看的，卖车的年轻人也不那么能言善辩，车价也就是我仅有的那一点点钱。

The content of each part follow as: In the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study ofdefinition characteristic of NO, and the existing base of NO-E-Commerceenvironment; In the second one, this part studies the theory base of NO comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost; Chapter three studies the NO from the coordination of NO, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of NO firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of Virtual Enterprise Cluster; Based on such conclusion, studies the model of NO from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode; In Chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling NO with game theory and graphic theory; In the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of NO operational risks, coordination mechanism of NO was studied by individually modeling the NO without core and NO with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of NO; As an important component of coordination mechanism of NO, Chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in NO, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of NO for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in NO were given; The last chapter applied theconclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade Web-SUNBU.

全文共分为七章，主要内容如下：第一章作为全文的理论出发点和基础，围绕网络组织的定义、特征以及网络组织生存基础--电子商务环境等方面对网络组织的基本概念进行了阐述；第二章综合运用核心能力、竞争战略和交易费用理论对网络组织产生的理论基础进行阐述；第三章首先从组织协调的角度对网络组织进行了研究，给出了网络组织的结构，分类和特征，同时并给出了虚拟企业群簇；然后在此基础上分别研究了网络组织的生命周期模型、层次模型、过程模型、价值链模型，以及运行模式；第四章综合运用博弈论、图论的相关知识，通过构建网络组织的模型，对上一章所研究的网络组织结构的形成机理给出了一种理论解释；第五章在分析网络组织运行风险的基础上，分别建立无盟主网络组织的博弈论模型和有盟主网络组织的博弈论模型，详细研究了网络组织的协调机制，然后给出了网络组织协调机制的解决方案；第六章作为网络组织协调机制的重要组成部分，本章在讨论了网络组织中建立信任机制的必要性的基础上，研究了网络组织信任关系的类型，提出了在网络组织中如何建立信任机制。

At the same time Wen Zhou is civilian battalion economy develop, enterprise dimensions is relatively lesser, the enterprise builds content to spread cost oneself taller, the content with urgent high grade, efficient need sheds a service, so that the enterprise centers competition ability of power development core.

同时温州是民营经济发达，企业规模相对较小，企业自建物流成本较高，迫切需要优质、高效的物流服务，以便企业集中力量发展核心竞争力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。