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Ice storage systems have the reputation of saving operating cost for the customer by appropriately recognizing time-of-use incentives in the utility rate structure, yet at the same time, may for many systems consume more electrical energy than a conventional cooling plant without ice storage would.

对于用户来说，在适当的使用时间段的使用费率结构内，冰蓄冷系统有着节约运行费用的优点。相比之下，可能会比不采用冰蓄冷的制冷系统消耗更多的电能。

The undertaking of undergraduate instruction evaluation in our current HEIs has begun to become effective. At present, in order to promote instruction evaluation and the healthy development of higher education, we must further our research and carry out evaluation ac- cording to levels and catergories, develop evaluation technology, build up evaluation data- base, lower the implicit cost of evaluation, carry out management counsultation in evaluation, cope with the conflicts triggered by the intrinsic defect of evaluation.

我国现行的高校本科教学工作水平评估已初显成效，当前应深入研究和解决分层分类开展评估、评估技术研发、建立评估数据库、降低评估隐性成本、在评估中开展管理咨询、妥善处理因评估本身固有的不足带来的矛盾等问题，切实推动教学评估和高等教育的健康发展。

This paper analyses the homogenous tendency of open-end fund at first,pointing out that unperfect development of market and investors' immature investment opinions is the origin of such phenomena. Secondly,having compared the fund sizes and purchase fee rates of 25 open-end funds in China,conclude that there are problems of diseconomy of scale and indistinctive relativity between fees and achievement in Chinese open-end funds. Then this paper introduces benefit and cost function to analyze the problem of lack of motivation and constrain mechanism towards fund managers because of unreasonable fees in China. Thirdly,this paper analyze funds managers' normal hazards by static game model,and then points out fund managers have serious tunneling behaviors in Chinese open-end fund industry. In the end,this paper analyzes the causes of liquidity risk of open-end fun and the particularity of liquidity risk of open-end fund in China,and concludes that liquidity risk in Chinese open-end fund industry is higher through calculating the rates of share change and comparing the portfolio selections of top 20 open-end funds in China.

本文首先分析了我国目前存在的基金产品同质化现象，指出市场发展的不完善以及投资者投资理念的不成熟是同质化的根源所在；其次对比了我国现有的25只开放式基金的规模和申购费率，得出了我国开放式基金存在着规模效应不明显以及基金业绩与费率相关性不强的问题，并引入效益函数和成本函数分析了由于我国开放式基金费率不合理引发的基金管理者激励约束机制缺失的问题；再次，应用静态博弈模型分析了基金管理人面临的道德风险，指出目前我国开放式基金由于监管机制脆弱而存在着较为严重的管理者利益输送行为；最后，分析了开放式基金流动性风险的形成原因以及我国基金市场流动性风险的特殊性，并通过计算目前我国基金资产规模前20位的开放式基金的份额变动率以及比较它们的投资组合结构，得出了目前我国开放式基金流动性风险偏大的结论。

However, during the same period in the sphere of commodity and currency exchange and circulation, the exchange rate between copper-bronze currency and printed currency was lower than one hang, and so the inflated cost of copper-bronze currency was at odds with its value.

而同一时期商品货币流通领域铜钱对纹银的兑换却低于一两，钱价高昂，钱价与钱值相悖。

Manufacturers strive to achieve through this innovative make your product different from others, but at the same time is also concerned with cost overhead, so it can get the look and feel and that is less demanding on costs, and that is in the business card printing and membership card production metallic ink or glossy effect of zhuguang oil.

生产商力图堵住这一抄袭使自己的产物与众差别，但同时又存眷着本钱支出，因此既能博得这样的表面成果又比力耗费本钱的方法，那不离是在制卡和会员卡制作洋搁置金属油墨或者带有平华功用的珠平油。

Equity method is a method of accounting whereby the investment is initially recorded at its cost and the carrying amount of the investment are adjusted thereafter for changes in the investor's share of owners' equity of the investee enterprise.

公平法是一种会计法，即投资是最初记录在其成本和投资的账面价值的调整，在此后的变化，投资者'份额业主'的股权投资企业。

At the same time, as a result of the government isomorphic existence, this article similarly has the model significance for the control of central government coordination cost.

同时，由于政府同构性的存在，本文对中央政府协调成本的控制同样具有借鉴意义。

Go deep into analysis the investigated result which of the transport requirement research and price scheme research with light-rail line 2 in Chongqing. At the same time, forecast the transportation flow and cost in line 2. Finally, receive some correlation data for establishing the fare.

根据不同的定价目的建立了边际成本定价模型、考虑公司盈亏平衡的定价模型以及最大化社会效益的定价模型等多个票价模型，并通过模型计算制定出轻轨二号线票价建议方案。

But the storage cost of those algorithms is linear with group scale the logical key hierarchyscheme is the most efficient protocol for key management in the field of multicast at present.

但它们的存储开销一般都与组的规模成线性关系0。逻辑密钥层次方案是目前多播领域中最有效的密钥管理协议。

In the traditional process,β-methylnaphthalene is oxidized with solution of chromic acid to give β-methylnaphthoquinone. However, a great deal of waste water with chromium will be produced in the process, which is very serious to environment. At the same time, the raw material consumption is great, which lead to the high production cost. Furthermore, by-product 6-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone will be produced, which is difficult to be separated completely and be utilized solely.

传统的生产工艺是用铬化物氧化β-甲基萘制备β-甲基萘醌，此工艺在生产过程中会产生大量的含铬废水，处理繁杂困难，对环境污染十分严重，并且原料消耗大，成本高，反应过程中的副产物6-甲基-1，4-萘醌未能加以彻底分离和利用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。