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At present, project management in our country emphasizes mainly the role of quality control, the authoritativeness and seriousness of project contract is still nearly impossible to embody , the project cost control is major to still pay attention to the cost control of construction stage only.

我国目前的项目管理主要只强调了质量控制的作用，工程合同的权威性严肃性还很难体现，工程造价的控制主要还只重视施工阶段的成本控制。

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

This article mainly from the angle of reducing the cost, analyzes questions of the marketing channel in our domestic iron and steel enterprises at present. Iron and steel enterprises should reduce the length of channel, cause the channel to be flat, in order to reduce the cost, and enhance the economic efficiency.

本文主要从降低成本的角度，通过分析我国钢铁企业目前营销渠道中存在的问题，主要是渠道过长、成本过高问题，运用交易成本的有关理论，提出应该缩短渠道的长度，使渠道扁平化，加大直供用户的比例，从而降低成本，提高经济效益，增强我国钢铁企业的市场竞争力。

In chapter one, a review for the trade of urban rail traffic is performed with respects to the developing histories and trend, mode, light rails, vehicle type and so on; In chapter two, a set of contradistinctive analyses between the domestic and the overseas are carried out at aspects of equipment, density of line net, build cost and so on. In chapter three, the competitive status among existing enterprises for urban rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing in our country is analyzed by Potter model; In chapter four, questions that should be paid attention to and strategies in course of our country's urban rail traffic building are provided mainly in terms of plan, cost, construction investment and operation, selection of system type, safety of building process and so on.

本文第一章主要从轨道交通的发展历史、模式、轻轨、车辆类型、发展趋势等方面对城市轨道交通行业的发展作了一个回顾；第二章主要是从设备、线网密度、建设成本等六个方面对国内外城市轨道交通进行了一个对比分析；第三章主要是利用波特模型对我国现有的城市轨道交通车辆设备生产企业之间的竞争状况进行了分析；第四章主要从规划、成本、建设投资和运营、系统类型选择、建设过程安全等方面提出了我国在城市轨道交通建设过程中应该注意的问题和对策。

The latest chemical product prices fell, demand has not really visible downstream, the short-term rise in oil prices in the channel, in which phase fluctuations, we continue to be optimistic about with anti-cyclical businesses and new materials, anti-cyclical embodies New Chemical Materials decrease in prices of raw materials is less than the decrease in prices of raw materials at the same time, the cost shift ability, to maintain price stability; civil explosive materials companies fell as a result, prices, countries can enjoy the benefits of; domestic urea production capacity excess of export disruption, high product costs, industry consolidation is inevitable, so concerned about the urea industry with technical advantages and cost advantages of urea enterprises: China Shandong Hengsheng; Although the overall situation of excess nitrogen, but because of the regional characteristics of the domestic fertilizer domestic part of the region will be in a high urea prices, the relevant listed companies will benefit from, such as the Liao Tung Chemical; compound assets as light industry, with the weak cyclical characteristics, the stability of industry profitability, industry leaders concerned about the compound: para Tian shares ; potash by the international market, short-term decline of domestic potash fertilizer prices would have difficulty, Salt Lake Potash in 2009 will be guaranteed a profit, Salt Lake Potash concern.

最新化工产品价格出现下跌，可见下游需求并未真正起来，短期石油价格处在上升通道，在这种上下波动阶段，我们继续看好具有抗周期性的新材料企业，抗周期性体现了化工新材料的产品价格下降幅度小于原料的下降幅度，在原料价格上涨同时，成本转嫁能力较强，价格维持稳定；民爆企业由于原料下跌，价格上涨，可以享受国家指导价的益处；由于国内尿素产能过剩，出口受阻，产品成本居高不下，行业整合在所难免，因而关注尿素行业内具有技术优势和成本优势的尿素企业：华鲁恒升；虽然氮肥全局过剩，但由于国内化肥的区域性特征，国内部分区域尿素价格将处于高位，相关上市公司将因此受益，如辽通化工；复混肥作为轻资产行业，具有弱周期性特点，行业盈利稳定，关注复混肥行业龙头：芭田股份；钾肥受制于国际市场，短期内国内钾肥价格恐难下跌，09年盐湖钾肥盈利将会有保证，关注盐湖钾肥。

Characteristic: 1st, when water flowing not the pressure damages; 2nd, non-contact induction signal sample; 3rd, guards against the dripping of a water clock, the size current capacity does not have the error; 4th, the installment does not divide the direction; 5th, table when assembly the disposable tack-dry, prevented cheats; 6th, can generate electricity the outer loop work to use electricity voluntarily, lengthens the battery period of revolution; 7th, the battery can replace voluntarily, the magcard box and the battery box are equipped with the self-locking security function; 8th, has the magnetization to guard against the boiler scale function; 9th, this table lifelong does not use the dial gauge; When 10th, this table uses in the natural gas and the liquid gas, whether there is can in the automatic detection room the air noxious gas, if has can start the exhaust fan automatically (exhaust fan switch with this table connection), and the automatic shut-off table valve, plays the safe role; When 11th, this table uses in the warm air, according to the temperature, the time, the area cost, the temperature could not achieve the stipulation cost, the user cannot act according to own current economic condition to open at will stops, and is equipped with the frostproof function, to does not need the warm air the heating equipment not to be able for a long time to ruin by freezing.

特点：1、水流动时无压损；2、非接触感应信号取样；3、防滴漏、大小流量没有误差；4、安装不分方向；5、表在装配时一次性粘固，防止作弊；6、能自行发电补充电路工作用电，延长电池使用时间；7、电池能自行更换，磁卡盒和电池盒设有自锁防盗功能；8、具有磁化防水垢功能；9、该表终身不用校表；10、该表用于天然气和液化气时，能自动检测室内空气有无有害气体，如有能自动启动排气扇，并自动关闭表阀，起到安全作用；11、该表用于暖气时，根据温度、时间、面积计费，温度达不到规定不计费，用户可根据自己的经济条件随意启停，并设有防冻功能，对长期不用暖气的采暖设备不会冻坏。

At the same time, in order to further optimize the structure of the real estate market, and improve low-income families in housing security system, to better meet the general public to the needs of low-cost housing, the Shanghai municipal government in 2003 for three consecutive years has also raised the three million square meters a year to start in low-cost housing targets.

与此同时，为了进一步优化结构的房地产市场，提高低收入家庭的住房保障体系，以更好地满足广大市民的需要，低成本住房，上海市委政府在2003年连续三年来还提出了三百点○○○万平方米一年开始的低造价住房的目标。

Terms such as rational maximizer, marginal cost, and demand curve fall neatly into place within the real-life example of padding over to one's thermostat on a cold winter's morning to decide where to set it, gauging where the cost benefit tradeoffs might be-a process very similar to the one being performed at the other end of this transaction, by the marketplace players that provide our heating fuel.

诸如理性maximizer ，边际成本，需求曲线过于片面发生了现实生活中的例子，填充到一个人的调温器对寒冷的冬天的早晨，以决定在何处设置，以评估那里的成本效益权衡可能-一个过程非常相似，一个正在演出的另一端，这宗交易中，市场参与者提供取暖用燃料。

The reporter was calculated, open the marriage in downtown to celebrate door inn to be with exemple, chummage probably 50 thousand yuan / month, decorate cost to be in 50 thousand - 60 thousand yuan, personnel of invite applications for a job is controlled on average for 10, average manpower cost is in 30 thousand - 40 thousand yuan, still need to prepare certain numerary to run fund at the same time.

记者计算了一下，以一家开设在市中心的婚庆门店为例，房租大概5万元/月，装修成本在5万-6万元，招聘人员平均为10名左右，平均人力成本在3万-4万元，同时还需要预备一定数目的运行资金。

At fix rate of exchange system under, the investor can reduce judgment cost and the rate of exchange motion indetermination risk of rate of exchange motion, lower investment cost with this and then produces to FDI to definitely promote a function.

在固定汇率制度之下，投资者能减少汇率波动的判断成本和汇率波动不确定性风险，以此来降低投资成本，进而对FDI产生一定的促进作用。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。