查询词典 at no cost

A document that The Economist has seen claims the upgrade "was necessary to preserve the value of the asset"Chris Brooks, head of communications at the OECD, says Mr Gurría had no involvement in the refurbishment, but nevertheless the cost escalation happened on his watch.

经济学家》已知的文件宣称修缮工作&是保护 OECD 财产价值的必要&。 OECD 联络机构的头， Chris Brooks ，说 Gurria 先生与修缮工程无涉，然而花费的增加确实发生在他值班的时候。

Subject to the conditions of this section and to such terms and conditions as the Administrator determines to be necessary to carry out the purposes of this title, the Administrator is authorized to guarantee, and to make commitments to guarantee, the principal and interest (including interest accruing between the date of default and the date of the payment in full of the guarantee) of any loan, obligation, or participation therein of any State, municipality, or intermunicipal or interstate agency issued directly and exclusively to the Federal Financing Bank to finance that part of the cost of any grant-eligible project for the construction of publicly owned treatment works not paid for with Federal financial assistance under this title, which project the Administrator has determined to be eligible for such financial assistance under this title, including, but not limited to, projects eligible for reimbursement under section 206 of this title. No guarantee, or commitment to make a guarantee, may be made pursuant to this section—(1) unless the Administrator certifies that the issuing body is unable to obtain on reasonable terms sufficient credit to finance its actual needs without such guarantee; and (2) unless the Administrator determines that there is a reasonable assurance or repayment of the loan, obligation, or participation therein. A determination of whether financing is available at reasonable rates shall be made by the Secretary of the Treasury with relationship to the current average yield on outstanding marketable obligations of municipalities of comparable maturity.

依于这个部分的条件和对如此期限和条件象管理员确定是必要执行这个标题的目的，管理员被批准保证，并且做承诺保证，主要和兴趣(包括兴趣累积在缺省日期和付款的日期之间充分保证)的任何贷款，义务，或参与在其中任何状态，自治市，或intermunicipal 或跨境代办处直接地和完全被发布对联邦财务银行提供经费一部分的任何授予合格的项目的费用为公开地拥有的治疗工作的建筑没被支付以联邦经济援助在这个标题之下，哪个项目管理员确定是有资袼这样的经济援助在这个标题之下没有保证，或承诺做保证，可以被做寻求这个部分(1)除非管理员证明发布的身体无法获得在合理的期限充足的信用提供经费给它的实际需要没有这样的保证；并且(2)除非管理员确定有贷款的合理的保证或偿还，义务，或参与在其中。

No doubt this film will be controversial which might cost it the main prize here at Locarno. But on day one we have already seen what might be the most important film in the competition this year.

影片成为争议是毫无疑问的，这可能使它与大奖失之交臂，但在第一天我们就已经欣赏到了今年的竞争中最重要的一部影片了。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Incumbent operators also reluctantly began launching low-cost VoIP services of their own, because their customers were defecting to VoIP providers, and a VoIP customer is better than no customer at all.

现在，主体运营商也不得不很勉强的着手建造他们自己的网络语音服务了。因为他们的客户正在离去他们投入到网络语音提供商的怀抱。

The experiment shows the temperature rising of the cylinder body is less than 8 digresses Celsius when running at 6500RPM; this can further lower the cost since no cooler is needed.

JAL636-PL经实际测试，在6500RPM最高转速下缸体的温升保持在8℃以内，能完全解决油压回转缸热温升的棘手问题，并且能节省昂贵的油冷却设备成本。

Making and distributing a billion pairs of spectacles is no small task, of course - even at a dollar each, and without Silver taking any profit, the cost is eye-watering.

制造以及分发十亿副这样的眼镜可不是个轻松活，就算是在Silver不索取任何收益的前提下以每副一美元的低价来推广，这成本都是够吓人的。

At present, our company import and export foreign trade agent, we can provide you with the following one-stop import and export agent services, including:(1) on behalf of contract (2) apply for a permit / automatic import license (3) declaration / allocation module / Inspection / Insurance (4)various documents, including the export letter of credit document / open import letters of credit (5) foreign exchange write-off / import and payment (6) for the export tax rebate and no matter which port internally , sea, air, my companies have to provide quality low-cost operation.

目前，我公司在进出口外贸代理方面，可以为您提供如下的进出口贸易代理一条龙的优质服务，包括：（1）代签合同（2）申领许可证/自动进口许可证（3）报关/配舱/商检/保险（4）缮制各种单据，包括出口信用证单证/开立进口信用证（5）外汇核销/进口付汇（6）办理出口退税而且无论国内哪个港口，海运、空运、我公司都提供优质价廉的操作。

The model material can accurately simulate rock features at the site of Jingping Project, which can be suitable for a wide range of gravity density, possesses low compression strength, and elastic modulus, remains steady property in different temperatures and moistures, has no pollution on environment, is cheap in cost and is simple in manufacturing technique. Experiments verify that studying method is correct and the result is reliable.

在参考前人研究成果的基础上，根据相似材料配比遵循的原则，通过大量的试验，研制出了材料重度可调范围大，抗压强度和弹性模量低，性能稳定不受温度和湿度的影响，且无毒害、价格便宜、制作工艺简单，能够较为精确地模拟锦屏工程实际岩体的模型材料，其研制方法正确，试验结果可靠。

Th easy answer is to blame incompetent or impotent sultans.As the Turks used to say,"Balik basdan kokar"("the fish stinks from the head"). The Reforming Sultans and Vizirs There is,as usual in such popular accounts,a germ of truth in all this.Conditions were getting worse.No one denies the insanity of Sultan Ibrhim (r.1640-1648),who had his 280 concubines tied up in sacks and drowned in Bosporus.MustafaⅡ（r.1695-1703）was wrong to insist on leading his troops into battle.His catastrophic defeat at the hands of Prince Eugen of Savoy,the military genius of the age,cost the Ottomans an army,the province of Hungary,and their military prestige.Drinking problems and harem intrigues afflicted the later sultans far more than they had the first ten. In addition,there were menbers of the ruling class who milked the Ottoman system to enrich themselves while failing to perform their duties.

奥斯曼无力改变的关系，我们可以追踪中东和西方的一连串事件日期：1683年土耳其人未能karlowitz条约，割让匈牙利帝国；他们于1699年签署的一项条约karlowitz割让匈牙利的哈布斯堡王朝和爱琴海沿岸的venetians；他们在1718年签署的欧洲以外更多土地； 1774年俄罗斯获准与他们失去了克里米亚代表正统基督教的科目； 1798年拿破仑占领和侵略palestine.meanwhile埃及和其他穆斯林王朝，如帖木儿王朝印度，以及其继承人safavids伊朗、摩洛哥sharifian统治者，也可能转弱前安装十八世纪土耳其人europe.but最接近者的新权力，传统上作为战斗ghazis为伊斯兰教主张失去其最lands.my板如果欧洲人对重点何故被奥斯曼帝国。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。