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Market of upriver cooking benzene is small fall after a rise, but range of fall after a rise is narrow, profit of production of cooking benzene manufacturer is scanty, house of price of raw material crude benzole does not fall high, cooking benzene market is fatigued and weak move, trade low fan, because the manufacturer that partial early days restores to produce is exalted shipment not free, raw material cost jockeys higher again view city, rate of start working of manufacturer of downstream not saturated colophony is inferior, be in at least there was not improvement before the first ten days of a month in March, each businessman is right two meetings " expresses " to expect higher, turn gradually as weather warm, the start working rate of manufacturer of downstream not saturated colophony should be met rise somewhat.

上游焦化苯市场小幅回落，但回落幅度有限，焦化苯厂家生产利润微薄，原料粗苯价格居高不下，焦化苯市场疲软运行，交易低迷，部分前期恢复生产的厂家由于高位出货不畅，原料成本较高又停车观市，下游不饱和树脂厂家开工率较低，至少在三月上旬之前没有起色，各商家对"两会"都寄予较高期待，随着天气逐渐转暖，下游不饱和树脂厂家的开工率应该会有所提高。

Looking at all the code listed here, this is really a long, drawn out way to do a blit, but the nice thing is that most of this can be wrapped into tidy functions or classes that make all this a one time cost for long term benefit.

看看这儿列出的所有的代码，为了进行blit我们走了很长的一段路，但是好事是很多都可以被装封到一些小的函数或是类中去，这样我们就可以一劳永逸了。

Wrapping Up装封 Looking at all the code listed here, this is really a long, drawn out way to do a blit, but the nice thing is that most of this can be wrapped into tidy functions or classes that make all this a one time cost for long term benefit.

看看这儿列出的所有的代码，为了进行blit我们走了很长的一段路，但是好事是很多都可以被装封到一些小的函数或是类中去，这样我们就可以一劳永逸了。

My Office is located in Zhejiang Province Tianmushan University, has rich forest resources, particularly resources are particularly rich pecan, pecan is a kind of epicarp environmental protection, low-cost coverage of a new type of garden materials, and its contains a biochemical factor that can effective in the soil to kill pests; and can increase the green color, rich green texture, landscaping, green landscape and green land; to prevent dust and soil erosion, improve air quality, so that a more pleasant environment; reduce transpiration, especially in summer, be conducive to maintaining soil moisture, prevent soil knot board, to maintain temperature, saving water, at the same time to effectively control weeds.

我处位于浙江省的天目山系，有丰富的森林资源，特别是山核桃资源尤为丰富，山核桃的外果皮是一种环保、价廉的新型园林覆盖资材，其含有一种生物化学因子，能有效的杀死土壤中的害虫；并且能增加绿地色彩，丰富绿地质感，美化、绿化园林绿地；防止扬尘和水土流失，提高空气质量，使环境更优美；减少蒸腾，特别是夏天，有利于保持土壤水份，防止土壤结板，保持温度，节约水源，同时能有效的控制杂草生长。

Cost off a skin is a painful process, the snake has exuviate only leather ability is brought up gradually, ability swims chicly all directions of divide with a hyphen at the end of a line.

蜕皮是一个痛苦的过程，蛇只有蜕了皮才能逐渐长大，才能潇洒游移行四方。过去以低档鞋类占领国际市场半壁江山的中国制鞋业如今正苦炼内功尽快提升自己。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist"s attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What"s more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refining process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有&三明治&结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

Pillared montmorillonite, as a representative of Sandwich like pillared interlayered clays ,caught many scientist's attention not only because of its special structure of two-dimensional sheets but also its excellent activity of catalysis and adsorption. It is well documented that the method to prepare PILM, ion-exchanging, needed a long periods and was affected by many factors, and that the product had low thermal stability especially hydro-thermal stability which was the primary obstruction of its using in large-scale production. At the same time, PILM was well documented prepared with Na-montmorillonite, while there were a few documents about PILM prepared with Ca-montmorillonite. The large cost of remodel of Ca-montmorillonite to Na-montmorillonite was another obstacle of the application of PILM, while Ca-montmorillonite was widely distributed in nature, as a result, to prepare PILM with Ca-montmorillonite has practical significance. What's more, PILM was mainly studied as a catalyst in oil refinin g process till now, but rarely documented in other catalysis reactions, especially in coal liquification filed which also needed high activity catalyst.

以柱撑蒙脱石为代表的具有&三明治&结构的柱撑粘土矿物因其特殊的二维孔道结构和优良的催化和吸附性能近年来成为国内外广泛关注和研究的热点，但是目前国内外大量报道的PILM制备大多采用离子交换法，生产周期很长，影响因素很多，并且产物热稳定性不够高，特别是水热稳定性较差，这是其不能在实际中大规模生产和应用的主要障碍，因此制备一种高稳定性的PILM意义非常；文献中大量报道的都是钠基蒙脱石合成的柱撑粘土矿物，传统的离子交换法必须将钙基蒙脱石钠化改型，其成本相当高，而自然界中大量存在的却是钙基蒙脱石，直接用钙基蒙脱石合成柱撑粘土矿物有很现实的意义，但目前这方面的报道却很少见；另外，迄今为止，PILM作为催化剂的研究领域主要在石油的炼制中应用，而在煤炭的液化中却鲜有报道，如果能在煤炭转化领域应用这一成果，其影响也将是相当大的。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Especially leader of a few industries describes: On one hand oneself are anxiety-ridden, everyday busy move looks for a bank to run loan, look for big client to make a sale personally, find governmental mediate between two parties to pledge from Wu of custom, duty, land the joint of each respect such as check, quota, environmental protection, all such as resource of company strategy, sale strategy, product strategy, financial security, technical reformation, manpower should is based on " hibernate " and think afresh, opening the cost on source and reduce expenditure to use up idea, seem to return sunset night ground should be done not have when doing poineering work at first hardworking; On the other hand, must continue to maintain successful personage have a well-thought-out plan, weight lifting to be like light demeanour again however, face subordinate, always get the difficult mention lightly that may encounter the company with future now, place all a pair of manner that all mastering.

尤其是一些企业领导者形容到：一方面自己忧心忡忡，每天忙着找银行跑贷款，找大客户亲自做销售，找政府疏通从海关、税务、土地到质检、配额、环保等各方面的关节，公司战略、营销战略、产品战略、财务安全、技术改造、人力资源等样样都要基于&过冬&而重新思考，在开源和节流上费尽心思，好像回到最初创业的时候要没日没夜地苦干；另一方面，却又必须继续保持成功人士胸有成竹、举重若轻的风度，面对下属，总是得把公司现在和未来可能会遇到的困难轻描淡写，摆出一副一切尽在掌握的架势。

Factor, decide at the pack head to go to Xian to build 1 lately sets up a railroad, this engineering is a pair of track circuit with total goods, design soon the 250 Kms/h , in set up of yellow river especially big bridge being located on this circuit, cross over yellow river length to reach to a 3912.89 ms, in especially the construction of the big bridge, measure the work show of is importance, relate to whole bridgeses of run-through, measure in use the whole station instrument and intelligence calculator, carry on a precision to measure to establish to the point, come to a to show Zhao in actually the work of effect, and speed construction progress, economized cost to create a performance.

为了适应经济的发展，进一步的开发大西北，也为了缓解内蒙古包头及东胜地区煤炭资源外运的运力紧张问题，结合当地的经济技术地质等因素，决定在包头至西安修建一条新建铁路，本工程为双线客货共轨线路，设计时速250Km/h，在建的黄河特大桥位于本线路上，跨越黄河长度达3912.89m，在特大桥的建设中，测量工作显的尤为重要，关系到全桥的贯通，测量中使用全站仪及智能计算器，对点位进行精确测设，在实际工作中达到了显著的效果，而且加快了施工进度，节约了成本创造了效益。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。