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TGF-βbinds to a heteromeric complex of type I and type II receptors. The constitutively active type II receptor phosphorylates and activates the type I receptor which phosphorylates Smad2 and Smad3 (receptor-associated Smads). Receptor-associated Smads bind the common mediator Smad4 and are translocated to the nucleus, where they associate with DNA-binding cofactors to modulategene transcription.

TGF-β与其效应细胞表面的Ⅱ型受体TβRⅡ和Ⅰ型受体TβRⅠ形成的异源二聚体结合，相继激活TβRⅡ和TβRⅠ，活化的TβRⅠ再进一步活化Smad2和Smad3，磷酸化的Smad2/3必须与Smad4结合形成复合物，才能进入细胞核，调节靶基因的转录[6]。

Hemodilution-associated hypercoagulability has been the focus of several investigations because significant morbidity and mortality have been associated with perioperative thrombophilia.

血液稀释相关性高凝状态是目前研究的热点之一，围手术期血栓形成会导致术后不良事件发生率和死亡率升高。

Results: 1 The incidence rate of primary bilateral breast cancers was 2.5％ with the morbidity age of 41 years, intermitting time between the two malignancies was 5.4 years. The 5－,10－ and 20－ year survival rates were 86.6％, 57.7％ and 25.8％ respectively. 2 The incidence rate of Paget′ s disease associated with breast cancer was 0.9％ with a high incident age of 47.3 years and 5－, 10－ and 20－ year survival rates of 64.7％, 50％ and 20.6％ respectively. 3 The incidence rate of breast cancer associated with MPMNs of other organs was 3.6％ with the peak incident age of 49.4 years, intermitting time of 8.6 years and the organs commonly involved were lung, uterus, esophagus, ovary and large intestine.

结果 ：1双原发乳腺癌发生率为2.5％，发病年龄41岁，间隔时间5.4年。5、10、20年生存率分别为86.6％、57.7％和25.8％。2同一乳腺PD伴乳腺癌发病率为0.9％，高发年龄为 47.3岁。5、10、20年生存率为：64.7％、50％和20.6％。3乳腺癌伴其他脏器癌瘤的MPMNs发生率为3.6％，高发年龄 49.4岁，间隔时间为8.6年。

By analyzing MRI, MRU and clinical manifestations altogher, pelvic lipomatosis associated with proliferative cystitis can be correctly diagnosed using MRI images. Because proliferative cystitis can easily evolve into bladder cancer, patients with pelvic lipomatosis associated with proliferative cystitis should pay great attention and to perform timely follow-up checkups.

根据MRI、MRU与临床特点的综合分析，MRI能够正确诊断盆腔脂肪增多症合并腺性膀胱炎，由于腺性膀胱炎易演变为膀胱癌，因此，对于盆腔脂肪增多症合并腺性膀胱炎的患者应高度重视，密切随诊复查。

But it may be difficult to discriminate between symptoms associated with a meniscal tear and those associated with another cause.

但是事实上我们较难确定症状究竟是由半月板损伤引起的还是由其他因素造成。

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are capable of chondrogenesis, making them a possible source of cells for injectable cartilage tissue engineering. There exist different ideas on the ability of mesenchymal stem cells's chondrogenesis in monolayer culture. Because of this, the effect of adult rabbit's bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells chondrogenesis in monolayer culture was studied. The mesenchymal stem cells was isolated from adult rabbit's bone marrow and monolayer cultured. TGF-β1, Vit-C and Dexamethasone were used. Immunohistochemistry analyses and histological staining of H-E, Methylaniline blue and Alcian blue were performed to identify the expression of collagen type Ⅱ and cartilage associated matrix. The results showed that the induced cells expressed and produced collagen type Ⅱ and cartilage associated matrix. This suggests that the differentiation of adult rabbit's marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocyte in monolayer culture is feasible and may be induced by TGF-β1, Vit-C and Dexamethasone.

骨髓基质干细胞的软骨分化潜能使其可能成为可注射组织工程化软骨研究的种子细胞，为探讨体外培养的骨髓基质干细胞在平面诱导条件下软骨分化的可行性，我们进行下列实验：获取并体外平面培养成体兔骨髓基质干细胞，应用TGF-β〓、Vit-C和地塞米松对其软骨分化诱导，诱导后的骨髓基质干细胞行细胞爬片组织学和Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化，结果证实，诱导后骨髓基质干细胞可分泌Ⅱ型胶原，组织学染色可见类似于软骨细胞，由此证明体外培养的骨髓基质干细胞在平面诱导条件下可以软骨分化，其软骨诱导因子为TGF-β〓、Vit-C和地塞米松。

Fie years after initiation of treatment, 79% patients were still on renin-angiotensin inhibitors, 65% on -blockers, 56% on spironolactone, and 83% on statins. Notably, multiple drug treatment and increased seerity of heart failure was associated with persistence of treatment. Nonpersistence with renin-angiotensin inhibitors,-blockers, and statins was associated with increased mortality with hazard ratios for death of 1.37 (95% CI, 1.31 to 1.42), 1.25 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.32), 1.88 (95% CI, 1.67 to 2.12), respectiely.

开始治疗5年后，有79％病人继续使用肾素血管紧张素抑制剂，65％用阻滞剂，56％用安体舒通，83％使用他汀类，值得注意的是，联合用药和心衰的加重同坚持治疗相关，无法坚持使用肾素血管紧张素抑制剂，阻滞剂，安体舒通，他汀类药物的病人同增加的死亡率相关，其死亡危险比分别为1.37 (95%可信区间， 1.31 － 1.42)， 1.25 (95%可信区间， 1.19 － 1.32)， 1.88 (95%可信区间， 1.67 － 2.12)，。

Objective: To confirm the nucleolar localization of telomerase-regulation associated protein-human N-acetyltransferase-like protein and its associated functions.

目的：探讨端粒酶调节相关蛋白－乙酰转移酶样蛋白核仁定位的分子基础及相关功能。

On its own, polysomy 17 was not associated with HER-2 overexpression on IHC or increased HER2 mRNA levels by RT-PCR. Moreover, and in contrast with HER2 gene amplification, polysomy 17 was not associated with high tumor grade, hormone receptor negativity, or reduced disease-free survival.Conclusion: Polysomy 17 affects HER-2 testing in breast cancer and is a major cause of equivocal results by FISH.

不过，在J Clin Oncol同期配发的一篇述评中，美国波士顿大学医学中心的罗森伯格指出，当务之急不是直接进行这样的研究，而是应该对已有研究的IHC、FISH和有效率数据进行回顾或再分析，以明确是否无HER2扩增的17号染色体多体肿瘤被归入不同类别(HER2阴性、阳性)，并由此导致关于HER2靶向治疗疗效的结果不一致。

In those patients with severe hepatic injuries,however,especially associated with posthepatic venous injury,operative treatment is frequently used,and it continues to be associated with high morbidity and mortality.

但对于有致命性大出血的严重肝脏损伤，尤其伴有肝后静脉损伤时，多予手术治疗，且死亡率和并发症发生率高。

"Please accept this talisman as a token of our thanks."

请收下这个护身符以表达我们的感谢。

If I have that magic, I will be more acceptable in the society.

如果我拥有那种魔法，我将更加被这个社会所容纳。