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A smectic flow is found for the first time above the depinning, and a crossover from elastic crystal to smectic flows as well as a crossover from smectic to plastic flows is observed with an increase in the pinning strength of solid boundary.

首次在脱钉点附近发现存在一种近晶流动。另外，还发现：随着边界层表面钉扎强度的提高，在脱钉点附近存在从弹性晶体流动到近晶流动，以及从近晶流动到塑性流动的渡越。

Plants with 2(or 3) nodes above 1 cm at the base; leaf blade firm or soft and withering in age; uppermost blade usually very narrow and folded, short, usually less than 1/2 as long as sheath to subequal; panicle open to densely spiciform

在基地的植株具超过1厘米2(或3)节；叶片坚定的或柔软和年龄蔑视；通常最上部的叶片很狭窄和折叠，短，通常不到1/2倍于鞘对；圆锥花序面向浓密穗状花序状 19

Really, white doctor is at the outset in digital TV industry arduous and cultivated when, he cannot think of probably, the United States already had the family that is as high as 70% above to turn into digital TV platform entirely nowadays, now summerly Beijing Olympic Games more came true first the number of whole journey is high-definition the direct seeding of signal.

确实，白博士当初在数字电视产业中辛勤耕耘时，他或许并没有想到，如今美国已有高达70%以上的家庭全部转入了数字电视平台，而今夏北京奥运会更实现了首次全程的数字高清信号的直播。

At the wind tunner blocking joint, set ramrod rib reinforcement as well as strengthening liner iron from above to the bottom; fix a bracing sheet on the top; joint between wind tunner blocking adopts flanging butt joint, no lacing wire on the wind tunner top, fabricate strictly according to GB7190.2 - 97 standard.

风筒分块连接处，设置从上至下通条加强筋以及加强衬铁；上部作一圈加强板；风筒分块间联接采用翻边对接，风筒上部不设拉筋，严格按照GB7190.2-97标准制造。

No 2 combined workshop of Yulin refinery under Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Company Limited adopts semi-regenerated active carbon fixed bed process for its gasoline sweetening process, because of unadvanced technology limited treatment capacity, big consumption of caustic, as well as being unable to satisfy production requirements. In the light of above, Yulin Refinery built up a new gasoline sweetening unit with treatment capacity of 45t/h in 2007, the unit adopts patented fiberfilm contactor gasoline sweetening technology from Merichem company in USA.

陕西延长石油有限责任公司榆林炼油厂联合二车间催化旧汽油脱硫醇装置采用的是半再生活性炭固定床工艺，由于工艺技术落后，处理量小，消耗碱量大，产生的碱渣无法处理、不能满足生产等制约因素，榆林炼油厂于2007年新建一套汽油脱硫醇装置，处理量为45t/h，该装置引进美国Merichem公司金属纤维膜接触器脱硫技术。

Based on the scheme mentioned above, a restrictive partially blind signature is proposed and proved to be efficient, correct, unforgeable, as well as restrictive and partially blind.

在此方案基础上提出了一个高效的基于身份的受限部分盲签名体制，证明了该方案的正确性、不可伪造性、限制性和部分盲性。

II.If, when the securities exchange decides to suspend, resume or terminate the listing, an auditing report is made by a certified accountant with explanatory notes such as unpreserved opinions, preserved opinions, negative opinions or refusal to express opinions for the accounting report (hereinafter uniformly referred to as "auditing report of unstandard and unpreserved opinions") in the regular report on which the above said decision is based, the securities exchange may organize an experts' committee to make an independent professional judgment on the major accounting treatment issues which are involved in and will affect the authenticity of profitability of the auditing report of non-standard and unpreserved opinions, and the securities exchange may make corresponding decisions on the basis of the opinions of the experts' committee.

二、证券交易所在作出暂停上市、恢复上市或终止上市决定时，如果所依据的定期报告中的财务会计报告被注册会计师出具带解释性说明段的无保留意见、保留意见、否定意见或拒绝表示意见的审计报告（以下统称&非标准无保留意见审计报告&）的，证券交易所可以组织专家委员会，对非标准无保留意见审计报告中所涉及的、影响盈利真实性的重大会计处理问题，作出独立的专业判断，证券交易所可以依据专家委员会的意见作出相应决定。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Along with the password attack method unceasing renewal, the computation ability unceasing enhancement as well as to the operating speed request, the tradition disperses row algorithm MD5, SHA has demonstrated their shortcoming and the insufficiency day by day, and thestructure of hash function is mostly based on block cipher algorithm DES, but the HASH function security is established above the grouping function security, because the DES operand is very big, the operating speed very slowly by and its itself some characteristics, therefore disperses a row function based on the DES algorithm to have potential unsecurity.

随着密码攻击手段的不断更新、计算能力的不断提高以及对运算速度的要求，传统的散列算法MD5，SHA已日益显示出它们的缺点和不足，并且过去hash函数的构造多是基于分组密码算法DES的，而hash函数的安全性是建立在分组函数的安全性之上的，由于DES运算量很大、运算速度很慢以及其本身的一些特性，因此基于DES算法的散列函数具有潜在的不安全性。

Along with the password attack method unceasing renewal,the computation ability unceasing enhancement as well as to theoperating speed request, the tradition disperses row algorithm MD5,SHA has demonstrated their shortcoming and the insufficiency day byday, and thestructure of hash function is mostly based on block cipheralgorithm DES, but the HASH function security is established above the grouping function security,because the DES operand is very big, the operating speed veryslowly by and its itself some characteristics, thereforedisperses a row function based on the DES algorithm to havepotential unsecurity.

摘要随着密码攻击手段的不断更新、计算能力的不断提高以及对运算速度的要求，传统的散列算法MD5，SHA已日益显示出它们的缺点和不足，并且过去hash函数的构造多是基于分组密码算法DES的，而hash函数的安全性是建立在分组函数的安全性之上的，由于DES运算量很大、运算速度很慢以及其本身的一些特性，因此基于DES算法的散列函数具有潜在的不安全性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。