查询词典 articular gout

The comparative observation of pathology of chicken gout and duck gout revealed that chicken gout was chronic disease , consisting of visceral and articular gout simultaneously , which developed into a significant amount of gouty tophus in the kidney area .

通过对鸡痛风和鸭痛风病例的病理学变化观察发现，鸡痛风是以内脏型和关节型同时发生的一种痛风，并且在肾脏形成大量痛风结节，呈现慢性经过；鸭痛风是一种内脏型痛风，呈亚急性痛风，并且在肾脏和脾脏形成少量痛风结节。

Results 1、 Generally, we can see the original blue and white, shiny, no cracks in the articular surface of the cartilage after the stress increases gradually yellow, surface roughness, cracks appear; when the pressure decreases, the yellowing, rough, the color of the fracture restore gradually and become shiny.2、the shiny smooth surface can be seen under a light microscope, formation, cell distribution, tidy, clear the level of cartilage at the articular surface stress increases, the surface roughness changes, defects, disordered cells, uneven dyeing ; when the articular surface of the pressure gradually decreased, the cartilage gradually repair and the surface of cells at the surface appear only disorder.3、immunohistochemical observation can be seen throughout the observation period, cartilage cells are type Ⅱ collagen expression and expression after 3 weeks gradually weakening, when the seventh week begin to strong gradually.4、 electron microscopy shows that when stress increases the articular surface, the cartilage cells became flat, the cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus decreased with collagen disorders; and when stress decreases the articular surface, cartilage cells gradually returned normal, cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body gradually restore quantity; collagen fibers with a gradual rules.

结果：①大体观察可见到原本蓝白色、有光泽、无裂纹的软骨在关节面压力增大后，逐渐呈灰黄色，表面粗糙，出现裂隙；当压力逐渐减小后，变黄、粗糙、有裂隙的软骨颜色逐渐恢复，变得有光泽②光镜下可见表面光滑、平整，细胞分布均匀、整齐，层次清楚的软骨在关节面压力增大后，表面变粗糙、缺损，细胞排列紊乱、染色不均；当关节面压力逐渐减小后，软骨表面逐渐修复，细胞仅在表层排列紊乱③免疫组织化学观察可见整个观察期内软骨细胞胞浆内均有Ⅱ型胶原表达，术后3周内表达逐渐变弱，从第7周时开始逐渐变强。④电镜下可见当关节面压力增大后，软骨细胞逐渐变扁，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体减少，胶原排列紊乱；当关节面压力减小，软骨细胞形态逐渐恢复正常，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体数量逐渐恢复；胶原纤维排列逐渐有规则。

Optimal treatment of gout requires both non-pharmacological and pharmacological modalities and should be tailored according to: specific risk factors (levels of serum urate, previous attacks, radiographic signs); clinical phase (acute/recurrent gout, intercritical gout, and chronic tophaceous gout); general risk factors (age, sex, obesity, alcohol consumption, urate elevating drugs, drug interactions and comorbidity).

痛风最佳治疗需药物和非药物治疗手段相联合，并根据以下情况调整：（1）特殊的危险因素（血尿酸水平，以前发作情况和放射线表现）；（2）临床阶段（急性/复发性痛风，发作间歇期痛风和慢性痛风石性痛风）；（3）一般危险因素（年龄、性别、肥胖、饮酒、增高尿酸药，药物相互作用和合并疾病）。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix,the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less;the ECM of cartilage are compised of type II collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury,the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow,but because of without stimulation mechanism,the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages,they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics;the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation,thus,the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte.Ever since,people tried their best to find a way to reconstruct articular cartilage.

造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix , the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less; the ECM of cartilage are compised of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury, the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow, but because of without stimulation mechanism, the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages, they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics; the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation, thus, the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte. Ever since, people tried their best to find a way to reconstruct articular cartilage.

中文题名人骨髓基质干细胞成软骨诱导及多孔复合材料作为细胞载体的体外实验研究副题名外文题名 Cartilage induction of human mesenchymal stem cells and experiment on compound porous materials as cells' scaffold in vitro 论文作者刘晓岚导师周江南学科专业外科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中南大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数68页关键词骨组织工程软骨细胞骨髓基质干细胞壳聚糖高分子外消旋聚乳酸馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R68 /10 造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

Specific risk factors (levels of serum urate, previous attacks, radiographic signs); clinical phase (acute/recurrent gout, intercritical gout, and chronic tophaceous gout); general risk factors (age, sex, obesity, alcohol consumption, urate elevating drugs, drug interactions and comorbidity).

痛风最佳治疗需药物和非药物治疗手段相联合，并根据以下情况调整：（1）特殊的危险因素（血尿酸水平，以前发作情况和放射线表现）；（2）临床阶段（急性/复发性痛风，发作间歇期痛风和慢性痛风石性痛风）；（3）一般危险因素（年龄、性别、肥胖、饮酒、增高尿酸药，药物相互作用和合并疾病）。

A specific risk factors (levels of serum urate, previous attacks, radiographic signs); clinical phase (acute/recurrent gout, intercritical gout, and chronic tophaceous gout); general risk factors (age, sex, obesity, alcohol consumption, urate elevating drugs, drug interactions and comorbidity).

痛风最佳治疗需药物和非药物治疗手段相联合，并根据以下情况调整：（1）特殊的危险因素（血尿酸水平，以前发作情况和放射线表现）；（2）临床阶段（急性/复发性痛风，发作间歇期痛风和慢性痛风石性痛风）；（3）一般危险因素（年龄、性别、肥胖、饮酒、增高尿酸药，药物相互作用和合并疾病）。

The human cartilages are composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix , the form of chondrocytes are hypertrophy and the quantity are less; the ECM of cartilage are compised of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan. Articular cartilages are all hyaline with little fibers. Trauma and arthritis are the main cause of cartilage injury, the ommilayer injury ofcartilage can be recovered by marrow, but because of without stimulation mechanism, the new tissues are merely fibrocartilages, they can not be coincide with hyaline cartilage in menchanics; the purely damage of articular cartilage can not stimulate chondrocyte to regenerate because of without blood circulation, thus, the plerosis of articular catilage can not depend on the proliferation of local chondrocyte.

造成人体关节软骨损伤的原因主要为创伤和关节炎，关节软骨全层损伤可由于骨髓中间充质干细胞的高速增殖修复，但这种修复由于缺乏相应的刺激机制，只能形成纤维软骨，而不能形成符合关节生理、力学要求的透明软骨；单纯软骨部分损伤软骨组织内无血管，软骨细胞迁移迟缓，无法使损伤区域软骨细胞再生，因此，关节炎及关节创伤后的软骨修复不能依赖于软骨细胞的增殖和迁移。

Anterior cruciate ligamentis the significant composition that is steady in the preceding direction of knee joint .The injuries afterwards may lead to be obviously unfirm in the preceding direction of knee joint ; badly affect the function of knee joint ; secondary damage the main composition such as articular cartilage and meniscus ;cause articular degeneration and articular disease happen in early phase .

前十字韧带是膝关节重要的前向稳定结构，损伤后可以产生明显的膝关节前向不稳，严重影响膝关节功能，继发关节软骨、半月板等主要结构损害，导致关节退变和骨关节病的早期发生。

Fifty patients had extra-articular fractures, 4 had simple intra-articular fractures AO Class and 33 had complete intra-articular fractures (AO Class C.

关节外骨折50例，简单的关节内骨折4例，完全的关节内骨折。

We got alerted a couple of times while we were down south that HETs were on the way to bring us back up north because things were going to go hot again, but it was just rumors.

南下的途中我们不只一次得到警告说重型装备运输车将拉着我们重新北上，因为局势正在变得重新紧张起来，但这只是谣传。

It's the one where they find the ghost in the salt mine.

这一集是演他们在盐矿找到鬼