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Article 23 Exchange gains or losses incurred by enterprises during preconstruction or during production and business operations shall, except as otherwise provided by the State, be appropriately itemized as gains or losses for that respective period.

第二十三条企业在筹建和生产、经营中发生的汇兑损益，除国家另有规定外，应当合理列为各所属期间的损益。

This is exemplified by the recent conflict between the USA and Brazil over local working provisions under article 68 of Brazilian Intellectual Property Law. This paper first discusses the issue of local working in terms of legislative history, concluding that both the Paris Convention on the Protection of Intellectual Property and the TRIPS agreement are interpreted literally and purposively. In conclusion , the local working system is fully consistent with the requirement of the TRIPS agreement , thus it is the legal and reasonable protection of themselves by the developing countries.

但从立法史上来看，《巴黎公约》对其最初予以确认，其后历次大会经剧烈争论后仍将其保留，说明其具有历史的合理性；从条约解释学上看，根据《维也纳条约法公约》，TRIPS第 2 7条并不能构成禁止当地实施的&绝对条款&，TRIPS对此问题没有明确的规定意味着应该适用《巴黎公约》的规定和TRIPS&平衡发明者与使用者之间的权利和义务&的立法宗旨，因此&当地实施要求&并不违反TRIPS的规定，具有合法性，是发展中国家对自己的合理保护。

The environmental transport of POPs in Dagu Drainage River selected as a typical example is reasonedly investigated in this article. Characteristics of sediment from DDR in Tianjin are analyzed. The mean value of TOC in sediments is as high as 8%, which is in favor of sorption POPs. The particle sizes of both suspended sediment and bottom sediment are mensurated by Malven Mastersizer. Silt accounts for about 60% in mass, while clay is about 10%. Particles of sediments belong to fine granule. Suspended sediment and bottom sediment mensurated by XRD mainly consist of quartz and illite, both account for 75.5% and 62.2%, respectively. The conformation of suspended sediment is very similar to bottom sediment from SEM photo.

采集自天津大沽排污河的底泥样品进行了特征分析：全河段底泥TOC含量较高，平均值约为8%，利于吸附POPs；Malven Mastersizer激光粒度仪测定了大沽排污河悬浮物和沉积物的粒径分布，结果表明主要以粉砂为主，占60%左右，其次为黏土，占30%左右，大沽排污河底泥颗粒属于细颗粒；悬浮物样品和表层沉积物样品经X射线衍射分析表明，石英和伊利石是大沽排污河底泥悬浮物及沉积物矿物的主要成分，两者之和分别占75.5%和62.2%；环境扫描电子显微镜结果表明，河流底泥悬浮物和沉积物的形态没有本质差别。

In "Dislocated Modernity: A Retrospect on Narratives in Contemporary Chinese Art," Gao Minglu pointed out that contemporary Chinese art is characterized by the prevalence of realist reflectionist theory, including works that have made their way into the Western exhibition circuit. Specifically citing photographic works to illustrate this point, he writes that Western interest in Chinese photography is explained by their use of it to observe concrete changes affecting China. As such, in this article is an excerpt of Gao Minglu's brilliant analysis

高名潞在《现代性错位：对中国当代艺术叙事的反思》一文中提示了中国当代艺术中的一个事实，即这种艺术中普遍存在着现实主义反映论的特征，就是进入西方展览系统的中国当代艺术也主要是现实主义反映论的作品，他还特地举了图片，来说明这个问题，即西方对中国的图片关注是西方人通过这些图片来看中国现实变化，所以在这篇文章中，高名潞有一段非常精彩的论述

Specifically, subdivinon a-1 provides that " subpoena duces tecum authorized by this rule and served on a judgment debtor, or on any individual while in the state, or on a corporation, partnership limited liability company or sole proprietorship doing business, licensed, qualified, or otherwise entitled to do business in the state, shall subject the person or other entity or business served to the full disclosure prescribed by section fifty- two hundred twenty-three of this article whether the materials sought are in the possession, custody or control of the subpoenaed person, business or other entity within or without the state"( CPLR 5224 [a-11] ).

具体地说，子条款a-1规定的&根据本条授权对债务人发出传票，这个人是任何在本国的，或者在公司、合伙有限责任公司或者独资企业里从事商业工作的个人，有执照的、有资格的或者其他有权在本国从事商业工作的人，这个人或者其他单位或者公司应该遵守第5223章的条款中完全披露的规定，不论这些搜集到的材料是在被传唤的个人、公司或者其他在国内的或不在国内的单位的占有、保管或者控制之下。&（CPLR 第5224条[a-11]款，。 PS：我把state翻译成了国家，不知在楼主的原文里是指国家还是指美国的州。如果根据上下文意思是州的话，上述翻译作相应调整即可。

Specifically, subdivinon a-1 provides that " subpoena duces tecum authorized by this rule and served on a judgment debtor, or on any individual while in the state, or on a corporation, partnership limited liability company or sole proprietorship doing business, licensed, qualified, or otherwise entitled to do business in the state, shall subject the person or other entity or business served to the full disclosure prescribed by section fifty- two hundred twenty-three of this article whether the materials sought are in the possession, custody or control of the subpoenaed person, business or other entity within or without the state"( CPLR 5224 [a-11] ).

O！ ~2 K O5 ~- K。+ D新奇特生活电子礼物设计 IT 童心奇趣家居等分享最前沿的设计，创新生活http：//www.huameimei.cn 具体地说，子条款a-1规定的&根据本条授权对债务人发出传票，这个人是任何在本国的，或者在公司、合伙有限责任公司或者独资企业里从事商业工作的个人，有执照的、有资格的或者其他有权在本国从事商业工作的人，这个人或者其他单位或者公司应该遵守第5223章的条款中完全披露的规定，不论这些搜集到的材料是在被传唤的个人、公司或者其他在国内的或不在国内的单位的占有、保管或者控制之下。&（CPLR 第5224条[a-11]款，。

Article 4 Maritime transport and towage services between the ports of the People's Republic of China shall be undertaken by ships flying the national flag of the People's Republic of China, except as otherwise provided for by laws or administrative rules and regulations.

第四条 中华人民共和国港口之间的海上运输和拖航，由悬挂中华人民共和国国旗的船舶经营。但是，法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。

Article 4 Maritime transport and towage services between the ports of the Peoples Republic of China shall be undertaken by ships flying the national flag of the Peoples Republic of China, except as otherwise provided for by laws or administrative rules and regulations.

第四条 中华人民共和国港口之间的海上运输和拖航，由悬挂中华人民共和国国旗的船舶经营。但是，法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。

Article 162 In the course of the sea towage, if the damage suffered by the tugowner or the two party was caused by the fault of one of the parties, the party in fault shall be liable for compensation.

第一百六十二条在海上拖航过程中，承拖方或者被拖方遭受的损失，由一方的过失造成的，有过失的一方应当负赔偿责任；由双方过失造成的，各方按照过失程度的比例负赔偿责任。

Article 162 In the course of the sea towage, if the damage suffered by the tugowner or the tow party was caused by the fault of one of the parties, the party in fault shall be liable for compensation.

第一百六十二条在海上拖航过程中，承拖方或者被拖方遭受的损失，由一方的过失造成的，有过失的一方应当负赔偿责任；由双方过失造成的，各方按照过失程度的比例负赔偿责任。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。