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In order to obtain more exact analytical solution to study the output characteristics of double-clad fiber lasers,according to the continuous-wave rate equations of fiber lasers,using typical parameters of double-clad fiber lasers,the contribution of the re-emission effect arising from the interaction between the upper-level atoms and pump light was estimated.Taking into account the predominant part of the re-emission to improve the accuracy of the integration approximated rate equations,the integration of the product of the loss and radiation should be found and explicit analytical expressions for the output of the DCFLs and gradient efficiency of the pump radiation,were deduced,and certain issues of concern were discussed.

为了求得用于研究双包层光纤激光器输出特性的更为精确的解析解，根据稳态速率方程组，针对典型的双包层光纤激光器参量，在估计了上能级粒子再发射项和抽运光产生的影响后，采用保留再发射贡献主导部分的办法以提高可积分近似方程的精确度，明确地提出了要获得光纤激光器输出功率的解析表达式的关键在于求出损耗系数与光场乘积的积分值，简洁地求得了输出功率和抽运光斜线效率的显函数解析表达式，并对其相关问题进行了讨论，以915nm，920nm和975nm的抽运光为例，当输出激光为1090nm时，得出975nm抽运光产生的斜率效率最高并可高达约87%。

In concise, readable, well-illustrated chapters, the book outlines the major concerns surrounding renal transplantation and the most successful approaches to problems arising in short-term and long-term patient care.

在简明，可读，说明得好的章里，书略述主要的关心(围绕肾的移植和在短期和长期的病人监护里出现的问题的最成功的解决方法)。

In fact,while making a treaty,the IGOs may take some technical measures ex ante to prevent the conflict of international laws.Where a conflict is unavoidable,what each state can do is to authorize its IGO to solve relevant problems arising ex post.

在主持缔约阶段，政府间组织可采取一些技术性措施来事先防范有关国际经济法律冲突的发生；而当冲突不可避免时，则只能经由各国授权政府间组织在实施法律阶段事后加以解决。

First, the developers and property disputes arising from the transfer of the company, actually left some developers.

一是开发商与物业公司交接中产生的纠纷，实际是开发商遗留的一些问题。

Article 17 Disputes arising between units over timber and forest land ownership and the right of use shall be handled by people's governments at or above the county level according to law.

第十七条单位之间发生的林木、林地所有权和使用权争议，由县级以上人民政府依法处理。

Three-nerved, with the nerves all arising from near the base.

具三脉的 Trinerved 三脉，都从近基处发出。

Three-nerved, with the two lateral nerves arising from the midnerve above the base.

离基三出脉的 Triplinerved 三脉，两侧脉从中脉基部的上方分出。

The temperature-monitoring instrument for optical fiber transmission high- voltage switch contact point developed by this project has been conducted pilot testing in Sichuan Electrical Facilities Corporation and Gansu Tianshui Electrical Facilities Plant. Rectified by a standard .thermocouple temperature-measuring instrument, the testing results in situ showed that the temperature-monitoring instrument has fast response speed, accurate location for temperature arising over set limit, small measurement error within ?

本课题所研究的光纤传输高压开关触头温度监测仪分别在四川电器股份有限公司和甘肃天水电器厂进行了现场实测，并采用热电偶测温仪校验，实测结果表明：该温度监测系统反映速度较快，温升越限定位准确，测温精度误差在±1℃以内，具有较高的可靠性、安全性和经济性。

In logic, a paradox is a contradictory position arising from sound premises or sound proof.

在逻辑中，悖论是从可靠的前提或可靠的证明中产生的矛盾立场。

Harness and sling like static rope, they did not scalable, the impulse coefficient of a fall, we can see the protection of static rope off arising from the impact can sling, seat belts, locks other equipment failures, even more dangerous is such a big impact those who can make off the waist fractures.

绳套和扁带就如同静力绳，它们也没有延展性，在冲坠系数一节中我们可以看到用静力绳保护脱落时所产生的冲击力可以使扁带、安全带、铁锁等装备失效，更危险的是这样大的冲击力可以直接使脱落者腰部骨折。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。