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They are FF testing methods, surface treatment technique, evaluation of the properties of surface modification layer, coating induced embrittlement, selection of coating materials, effects of SP and other surface modification on fretting fatigue resistance . A new coating technology combined with shot peening is proved in improving FFR of titanium alloy. The relation between fretting wear and fretting fatigue mechanism of titanium alloy are discussed on the basis of the experimental results. The main contributions are as follows:(1) Shot peening is the most efficient way in improving fretting fatigue resistance of titanium alloys. Working hardening, roughening and compressive residual stress are involved in the shot peened surface.

本文针对上述问题，从影响FF行为的关键环节：FF实验方法、表面处理工艺技术及表层性能评价、镀层引起的钛合金脆化行为、脆化机制及镀层材料的选择、喷丸强化因数和表面涂层对钛合金FF抗力的影响、FF与微动磨损的联系等，深入系统地研究影响钛合金FF抗力的控制因数，探讨FF机理，并通过喷丸形变强化与新型表面镀或渗层合理复合，达到进一步提高钛合金FF抗力的目的。

Protracted fasts of the most fantastic character are also enjoined. In all this, there is no asceticism. These suicidal penances, apart from their wickedness and absurdity, are based on a misconception of the purpose of mortification. They are not supposed to atone for sin or to acquire merit, but are prompt by the idea that the greater the austerity the greater the holiness, and that besides hastening absorption in the divinity they will help the penitent to obtain such a mastery over his body as to make it invisible at will, to float in the air, or pass with lighting speed from place to place.

旷日持久的fasts的最神奇的性质，也责成，在所有这一切，是没有禁欲主义，这些自杀penances ，除了从他们的邪恶和荒谬的，是基于一种错觉的目的mortification ，他们是不是要赎罪，单仲偕或收购的好处，但提示的设想，即更大的紧缩越大，成圣，除了加速吸收，在神，他们将帮助忏悔，以取得这种掌握超过他的身体，以使它在将无形的，浮动在空气中，或通过与灯光的速度从地方。

From this case, in the assessment, the data of several different time intervals are taken and corresponding confidence levels given, and, employing blind values to express monitoring data and perambulating inspection results, the process method of blind information is applied to the practice of comprehesive assessment. With the observation items in Xiaolangdi Project, the influence factors determing the assessment result are described in the form of blind data. The data are processed according to the blind data algorithms and some scientific and reasonable assessment results are acqired, and the process method overcomes the defect of traditional numerical model, viz., too definitive description of information.

基於此，在综合评判中选取多个不同时间段的数据并赋以相应的可信度，利用盲数表达监测数据和巡视检查结果，将盲信息的数学处理运用到土石坝安全综合评判的工程实例中，并运用盲数运算法则进行盲数处理的探讨，得到了有一定参考价值的评判结果，并克服了传统的数学模型信息描述过於绝对化的问题。

Some said it should be as early as possible, because the older you are, the pickier you get and the less willing to compromise. Others claimed that if you married later, you were less likely to divorce since you know what you are looking for in a partner much more clearly when you are mature than when you are still very young.

有的人说，结婚要越早越好，因为年龄越大，人会越挑剔，越不肯将就；有的人却认为，结婚晚的人，离婚相对较少，因为随着年龄的增长，人会变得成熟，相比年轻的时候，更清楚自己对生活伴侣的要求是什么。

Results:The main radiological manifestations of the interface of peripheral cancerized gastric ulcer are: Small segment with prominent, regular margin, clubbed plica, slim plicae reaching the margin of the niche or margin of the small segment of are prominent. The radiological presentations of gastric cancerized ulcers are mainly tortuous large plicea and slim striped plicae, and the pathologic changes under microscope are mainly chronic superficial gastritis.

结果：胃溃疡癌变溃疡病灶与周围交界面主要X线表现为小段弧形隆起，边缘较规则，杵状皱襞、纤细皱襞可达溃疡龛影的边缘或小段弧形隆起的边缘；溃疡旁X线表现以迂曲粗大皱襞及纤细条纹状皱襞为主，病理镜下改变是以慢性浅表性胃炎为主。

In this paper, male sterile line of alfalfa was used to be improved with crossing, because the seed production of crossing is low. The affecting factors of seed production of male sterile line of alfalfa and its crossing progenies that are crossed with male sterile lines of alfalfa and good alfalfa that male is fertile were analyzed. The characteristics of female reproductive organs of male sterile line and its crossing progenies are analyzed in cell morphology. The genetic difference of male sterile line and its crossing progenies are analyzed in enzyme protein. The results showed: 1、Rate of podding of nature crossing and fecundity of artificial crossing of the male sterile plant BC1-2 that is the crossing progency of male sterile line of alfalfa and Medicago varia Martin.cv.'Caoyuan No.1'is higher than male sterile lines. Rate of podding of nature crossing and fecundity of artificial crossing of the male sterile plants BC1-19、BC1-21、BC1-22、BC1-23 that are the crossing progencies of male sterile line of alfalfa and Medicago sativa L.cv.

针对苜蓿雄性不育系杂交制种产量低的问题，采用杂交法对苜蓿雄性不育系进行改良，以原苜蓿雄性不育系为轮回亲本与雄性可育优良苜蓿品种杂交，分析苜蓿雄性不育系及其杂交后代种子产量的影响因素，从细胞形态学方面观察和分析杂交后代及原不育系在雌性生殖器官上的变异特点，从酶蛋白水平对杂交后代及原不育系的遗传差异进行分析，初步研究结果如下： 1、苜蓿雄性不育系与草原一号苜蓿的杂交后代不育株BC1-2，以及苜蓿雄性不育系与X′(苜蓿雄性不育系与新疆大叶苜蓿的杂种F1代)的杂交后代不育株BC1-19、BC1-21、BC1-22、BC1-23的天然杂交结荚率和人工杂交制种的结荚率和百粒重均高于原苜蓿雄性不育系。

Twenty-year-old women are poesies, tender and romantic; thirty-year-old women are prose, scrambled in appearance but united in spirit; forty-year-old women are novels, rich in content and sinuous in plots; fifty-year-old women are literature reviews, only talk about others but not herself.

二十岁的女人是诗歌，抒情而浪漫；三十岁的女人是散文，形散而神不散；四十岁的女人是小说，内容丰富，情节曲折；五十岁的女人是文学评论，只说别人，不说自己。

The author studied some cases which are derived from the junior middle school and primary school, and talked with teachers, then analyzed the causes. The reasons are mainly that (1) there are still questions in value orientation to the instructional objectives. And teachers overly regard behavior objective but turn a blind eye to generation objective.(2) during presupposing instructional objectives, many problems are excessively consider in the view point of mathematical course, and teachers nearly think how students can accept easily.

本文在对一些案例(这些案例均来自于初中和小学)进行研究并对教师进行访谈的基础上分析了其中的原因，主要是：①教师在对教学目标的价值取向上存在着问题，过于重视行为目标，而对生成性目标去视而不见；②在预设教学目标时，过多地从数学学科的角度考虑问题，很少从学生的角度想应该怎样能让学生更容易接受。

By presupposing the system uncertainties satisfying certain matching conditions, a sliding-mode switching manifold and a SMC law are proposed, which are invariable to the structural uncertainties and possess the parameters without stochastic noise. Then, the accessibility of the sliding mode and the stability of the closed-loop system are analyzed, and some necessary conditions are further obtained to select the parameters for the SMC law.

在系统的不确定性满足一定匹配条件的情况下，构造了对不确定性具有不变性以及参数不含噪声激励的滑模切换流形和变结构滑模控制律，分析和证明了滑模的可达性和闭环系统的稳定性，并给出了滑模控制律的参数选择条件。

The research work in this dissertation aim to apply the advanced technique in practice, that ramifies three parts: at first, the basic study of the computer vision, especially the stereo vision, include their technical mechanisms, methods and algorithms resolves the same technical problems of endoscopy and ferrograhpy based on stereo vision. Secondly, the endoscopy of engine fault inspection based on stereovision is researched and the system faced to this application is developed, thus the problems of stereovision applied to macroscopical images such as endoscopic images are resolved in method and computation. In addition, inside scenes are reconstructed and typical damages of engine inside are analyzed. Thirdly, the investigations of system formation, methods applied and algorithms study of debris analysis based on stereovision is carried out. Thus the problems of stereovision applied in debris analysis are resolved mainly. Furthermore, the integrated method combine with 3D symbolic parameters is studied and discussed for the recognition of debris configuration in pilot.

本文的研究工作以技术应用为目标，分为三大部分：首先是对计算机视觉，特别是立体视觉技术机理、方法和算法的基本研究，主要解决了立体视觉在内窥探伤与铁谱检测中应用的技术共同点；其次是对基于立体视觉的发动机内窥探伤的技术研究和系统开发，解决了立体视觉用于内窥图像这一宏观图像的技术和算法实现问题，其中包括对内窥场景的视觉重建和对发动机内部典型损伤的分析；最后对基于立体视觉的磨粒分析技术的系统构架、实施方法和相关算法进行了研究，主要解决了立体视觉用于磨粒显微图像的技术问题，并对融合三维描述参数的磨粒形态综合识别方法进行了初步研究与探讨。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。