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Some methods mentioned in the elementary number theory and analytic number theory are used to consider the problems which are related with the Smarandache functions, then a conjecture and an asymptotic formula are given, a special equation is solved and Smarandache-Riemann sequences are generated.

本论文基于对Smarandache问题的学习与研究，运用了初等数论与解析数论中的一些研究方法，对与Smarandache函数相关的问题进行了简单的思考，给出了一个猜想，一个渐近公式，解决了一个特殊的方程，推广了Smarandache-Riemann序列。

In chapter three, the new concepts of the bifurcation point and asymptotic bifurcation point of compact continuous operators in Menger PN-spaces are introduced. Some sufficient conditions for the existence of the bifurcation point and asymptotic bifurcation point are obtained. And the problems on the intrinsic value and intrinsic element of compact continuous operators are studied in Menger PN-spaces. A series of theorems on the existence of the intrinsic value and intrinsic element are obtained.

第三章，在概率赋范线性空间中提出非线性算子的歧点和渐近歧点的新概念，获得了非线性算子存在歧点和渐近歧点的充分条件；讨论了Menger概率赋范线性空间中非线性算子的固有值和固有元问题，得到了非线性算子存在固有值和固有元的一系列充分条件。

Equidistance point and difference theory in theory of function approximation are studied. Meanwhile, the relation among difference, difference quotient and derivate is revealed. By drawing Lagrange's and Cauchy's theorem of mean on difference and Taylor's formula into difference function, four theorems, such as Lagrange's theorem of mean on difference, are concluded in simple way. On the basis of these conclusions, the asymptotic property of middle point is studied, a series of new conclusions are drawn and the discussions on the asymptotic property of middle point in differential mid-value are summarized.

对函数逼近论中等距节点和差分理论进行了研究，揭示了差分、差商与导数之间的联系；将Lagrange中值定理、Cauchy中值定理、Taylor公式引入到差分函数中，简明地推导出Lagrange差分中值定理等4个定理，并在此基础上对"中间点"的渐近性进行了研究，得出了一系列"中间点"的渐近性的结果，概括了有关文献对微分中值公式的"中间点"的渐近性的讨论；给出的引理改进了函数逼近论的证明方法，精简了函数逼近论中的一些内容。

The results are as follows: Eurya hebeclados, Michelia figo, Distylium racemosum, Elaeocarpaus glabripetalus, Aucuba japonica are in the first grade, their fire-resistance property are the best. And Loropetalum chinense, Viburnum odoratissimum, Michelia chapensis, Manglietia yuyuanensis, Cyclobalanopsis glauca (12species) are the second grade.

2利用除趋势对应分析和主成分分析对72个树种的抗火性能进行了综合评价，结果表明：微毛柃、撒金珊瑚、海桐、含笑、蚊母树、秃辦杜英抗火性能最好，珊瑚树、檵木、乐昌含笑、乳源木莲、青冈、广玉兰等12种树种次之。

Sampled by Tang Paradise, the basic characters of Tang Garden are analyzed and four characters are generalized , they are magnificence, splendor, austereness and with strong human atmosphere;the aesthetic and innovational characters of culture design ideas, the landscape ecology and innovational characters of ecology design ideas, the geographic landscape and innovational characters of planning design ideas are all analyzed in the paper,.

本文以唐芙蓉园为例，尝试分析唐代园林的基本特征，归纳为八个字：大气、壮丽、质朴、赋文四大特征；以大唐芙蓉园为例，分析其文化设计理念的美学特征及其创新特色；分析其生态设计理念的景观生态学特征及其创新特色；分析其规划设计理念的地景学特征及其创新特色。

Fast Fourier transformation and autoregressive model estimation, are the most common methods used in the frequency domain analysis. The fluctuation in the highfrequency bands are mediated by parasympathetic control, whereas the fluctuation in the low frequency bands are mediated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The origin of the fluctuation in the very low and ultra low frequency ranges are less obvious.

频域分析法一般是利用快速傅位叶转换或自动回规模型估计法，高频处的变异是由副交感神经系统调控，低频处的变异则是由副交感神经系统共同调控，至於极低频处与超低频处的变异，其原因尚待厘清。

Based on the analysis of the mechanism of robot manipulators, a trajectory tracking controlling research model is first built up with ADAMS, and its mathematical model is formulated through the study of robot kinematics and dynamics. After the modeling errors are analyzed in practical robotic systems, a conception of centralized error is brought forward according to the theory of weighting functions. In the case of modeling errors' exist, the robotic uncertain model is derived by introducing an auxiliary control variable into inverse dynamic analysis. The control strategy of robust exponential convergence is applied to the robotic uncertain model, the applicable conditions and the applicable controller with this application are presented. The stable control effect under three main model uncertainties (parametric errors, joint disturbs, joint frictions) are systematically studied on the previously built research model. The problems of robust exponential convergence controller which often results in unstable output and so produces a large relative error when the input trajectory is in a small range are resolved by adjusting the control parameters based on the controller's structure.

本文在机械手的机械结构分析基础上，利用ADAMS建立了用于机械手轨线跟踪控制研究的机械手模型；通过对机器人运动学和动力学问题的研究，建立了机械手研究的数学模型；分析了机器人系统中模型误差的主要来源，根据加权函数法分析，提出了模型集中误差的概念；在存有模型误差的情况下，采用逆动力学结构并引入辅助控制量，由机器人误差模型推导了机器人非确定性模型；提出了采用鲁棒指数收敛法对上述机器人非确定性模型进行鲁棒镇定的控制策略，并给出了对机器人进行鲁棒指数收敛控制时系统不确定因素应满足的匹配条件；针对机械手研究模型，深入研究了鲁棒指数收敛控制器对机器人系统中常见的模型参数误差、关节扰动、关节摩擦等不确定因素的镇定控制效果；针对鲁棒指数收敛控制器易产生控制量振荡的问题以及在小范围内系统轨线跟踪的稳态误差过大问题，本文分别提出了基于控制器结构的控制参数调整法和基于轨线跟踪范围大小的控制参数分段切换法。

Down in the square the sooty privets have turned bright green, the leaves are thickening on the chestnut trees, the daffodils are out, the wallflowers are budding, the policeman's tunic looks positively a pleasant shade of blue, the fishmonger greets his customers with a smile, and even the sparrows are quite a different colour, having felt the balminess of the air and nerved themselves to take a bath, their first since last September.

沿广场一路走来，你会看到被烟尘熏黑的女贞生长出翠绿的新叶、栗树叶片日渐肥厚、水仙花朵朵绽开、桂竹香发出嫩芽；警察身着束腰制服，那颜色蓝得讨人欢心、鱼贩面带微笑，向主顾们打着招呼；甚至麻雀也身披完全不同的色泽，沉醉于空气的芬芳，勇敢地扎进水中冲刷羽毛，要洗净一冬的尘霾。

In the problem, there are m persons who are to be assigned to do n jobs, and the number of the persons who are assigned to do the jth job is bj, where bj is an unknown positive integer number to be calculated such that djbjej, dj and ej are known positive integer number (j=1,2,…,n) such that ∑nj=1bj=m and m≥n.

考虑一类较一般的最优指派问题：欲指派m个人做n项工作，要求每个人只做一项工作，第j项工作可以由bj个人共同去做，其中bj是待求未知数，满足dj≤bj≤ej(即ej，dj为第j项工作所需人数的上下限)及∑nj=1bj=m，dj，ej为已知常数，j=1，…，n。

Now you, Crito, are a disinterested person who are not going to die to-morrow- at least, there is no human probability of this, and you are therefore not liable to be deceived by the circumstances in which you are placed.

现在你，Crito，是一个与此无关的人，你明天不用去死----至少不会是人为的因素，所以你不会因为被你所处的环境迷惑而承担责任。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。