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By TM images the linear structures, water system, the outer edge of Tianchi Volcano trachite are extracted. By the sensitivity of SAR images to geomorphology, the distribution of parasitical volcano cone and lava fornix around Tianchi volcano are interpreted. With the aerial photos the parasitical lava of Qixiangzhan, Baiyun and Bingchang stage are filtered. At the same time by orthogonal cross-course wavelet transform, texture analysis is carried on to ERS-2 SAR images, and the texture characters are filtered. On the basis of the spectrum character of multi-band of TM images, multi-band algebraic grouping is made, and the factor of texture character factor and band grouping of TM images are input to BP neural network classification model. The good classified results are received.

利用TM图像对线性构造、水系、天池火山粗面岩锥体外边缘的提取；利用SAR图像对地形敏感特性，提取了天池火山周围寄生火山锥体及熔岩穹丘的分布；利用航片对天池火山口周围的气象站期、白云期、冰场期等寄生喷发物进行了提取：同时利用正交小波变换对ERS-2 SAR图像进行了纹理分析，提取了纹理特征：根据TM图像不同波段的光谱特征，进行了波段代数组合，并把纹理特征参数与TM图像的波段组合及DEM一起输入BP神经元网络分类器，取得了较好的分类效果。

The heat generation curves of seven rubber materials used in tires with the changes of temperature have been obtained by using Dynamic Mechanics Analysis technique on NETZSCH DMA242 instrument, knowing that the heat generation of every other rubber materials except inner liner rubber changes lightly alone with the temperature within 10℃～80℃. According to the Fourier law, the heat transfer coefficients of tire rubber are measured by stable method on self-made experiment instrument. The coefficients changes lineally within 20℃～80℃ and the relation formulas λ=λ〓+bt are given out attached with λ〓 and b. The specific heat of tire rubber are measured on Differential Scanning Calorimeter NETZSCH DSC204 and the relations with temperature are linear and the formula is c=c〓+bT, where c〓 and b gained from experiment result data are presented in the paper. The heat convection coefficients on the surface of rolling tire are measured according to the principle of heat-mass transfer analogy principle after simplifying rolling tire into rotating disk with straight movement on wind channel. The relation with rotation speed of disk is linear as h=5. 399+0.0258n and the relation with straight line speed of tire is linear too, h=

论文采用动态力学分析技术，使用NETZSCH DMA 242型实验仪，获得了轮胎用七种胶料的生热率随温度变化曲线，确知除内衬层胶以外，其它各种胶料在一般胎温范围内（10℃～80℃）的生热率随温度变化不大；轮胎胶料的导热系数根据傅立叶定律的基本原理，采用稳态法在自行搭建的实验台上进行测试，结果表明，材料的导热系数在20℃～80℃的温度范围内随温度呈线性变化，论文给出了各种材料导热系数的线性变化的关系式λ=λ〓+bt及其λ〓和b的值；轮胎胶料的比热运用差式扫描量热原理，在NETZSCH DSC204型DSC实验仪上进行测试，结果表明，胶料的比热随温度的变化呈线性变化，其关系可用c=c〓+bT表示，文中给出了根据实验数据拟合的c〓、b的值；对轮胎表面的对流换热系数的测定，本文先将滚动的轮胎简化为有直线运动的旋转圆盘，而后采用萘升华热质比拟技术，在风洞中测量了滚动轮胎表面的对流换热系数，结果表明，圆盘表面对流换热系数与转速呈线性关系，即h=5.399+0.0258n，轮胎表面对流换热系数与其直线运动的速度呈线性关系，即h=

The survey shows that the main reasons existing in the conflict are as follows: Law-enforcing officials are not sufficiently professional and their means of enforcement are simple and crude; citizens are lack of legal awareness, nonobservance of the laws and regulations; the goals are different between departments in Bureau; citizens are driven by interests and market demand; the basis of the law in urban management is limited.

经过研究发现，以上冲突形成的原因主要有：管理队伍自身素质不高，执法方式简单粗暴；管理相对人法律意识淡薄，不遵守法律法规规定；管理局内部部门之间有目标差异；管理相对人受利益和市场需求的驱动；城市管理执法依据本身存在着缺陷等。

This paper determines the design idea of combining VISC with structural optimization design. Problems which existed in structural optimization design are analyzed and contents of optimization process are determined. Calling and dominating calculation program written in FORTRAN in the development environment of Delphi are realized by the techniques of FORTRAN/Delphi mixed-language programming and multi-threaded application. Parallel coordinates visualization technology is deeply researched and applied in software exploitation of optimization process. Essential programs of VISC software are compiled. Approaches which can improve efficiency of optimization are discussed. In the end, functional modules are integrated and a typical computational example is verified.

本文通过对结构优化设计和科学可视化的研究，确立了天线结构优化设计与科学计算可视化技术紧密结合的思路；根据天线结构优化设计的特点，针对优化设计中存在的问题，对系统结构优化的总体框架进行了分析和论述，确定了优化过程可视化的具体内容；通过FORTRAN与Delphi的混合语言编程实现了在Delphi环境下对FORTRAN计算程序的调控，充分利用了原有FORTRAN程序资源；对平行坐标技术进行深入研究，并将其应用于优化过程可视化模块的软件开发中，实现多维数据空间的可视化；编写优化计算过程可视化软件的核心程序；探讨了提高优化效率的途径；对基于可视化的天线结构优化设计软件系统进行集成，针对某天线进行了算例验证。

Main contents of the second chapter "art words methods" are introduction of art words, basic writing skills and originality design of chinese and western characters, etc. Main contents of the third chapter "basic components of plane" are spot, strokes and spaces, etc. Main contents of the fourth chapter "format and rules of plane" are symmetry and balance, repitition and group tendency, rhythm and cadence, comparision and change, consonance and unification, breakthrough and variance, etc. Main contents of the fifth chapter "basic design of space of a whole page" are gridding system, visual process of space design, word editing, graph space design, etc. Main contents of the sixth chapter "color planning" are color introduction, surface color system, color and visual psychology, color planning, etc. Main contents of the seventh chapter "plane advertisment design" are newspaper and magazine advertisment design, outdoor and POP advertisment design, etc.

第二章"美术字技法"的主要内容有美术字概说、中外文字体的基本写法、中/外文字体的创意设计等；第三章"平面构成的基本要素"的主要内容有造型基本要素如点、线、面等；第四章"平面构成的形式法则"的主要内容有对称与平衡、重复与群化、节奏与韵律、对比与变化、调和与统一、破规与变异等；第五章"基础版面设计"的主要内容有网格系统、版面设计的视觉流程、文字编排、图形的版面设计等；第六章"色彩计划"的主要内容有色彩概论、表色体系、色彩与视觉心理、色彩设计等；第七章"平面广告设计"的主要内容有报刊广告设计、户外广告设计、 POP 广告设计等。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

By applying psychological measurement methods, the author compared volition quality between short track speed skaters with difference sports performances and genders in order to gain an insight into if there is a dif-ference in volition quality between them, and revealed the following findings: in terms of objective clearness male skaters at international master sportsman level are superior to male skaters at national master sportsman level, but in terms of renitency male skaters at national master sportsman level are superior to male skaters at international mas-ter sportsman level; female skaters at national master sportsman level are superior to level 1 female skaters in terms of renitency, determination, confidence and total score, and differences between them are significant; furthermore, by comparing volition quality between male and female skaters, the author found that in terms of toughness male skaters are superior to female skaters, and the difference is significant, but in terms of other 5 factors and total score, differences between them are not significant.

摘 要：采用心理测量法，从不同运动水平、不同性别短道速滑运动员意志品质的比较入手，了解其意志品质是否存在差别。结果表明：男子国际健将运动员在目标清晰维度上好于男子国家健将级运动员，但在顽强性维度上，国家健将级运动员好于国际健将级运动员；女子国家健将级运动员在顽强性、果断性、自信心3个维度和总分上均好于女子一级运动员，两者差异具有显著性；此外，比较男、女运动员之间的意志品质，发现男运动员在坚韧性维度上好于女运动员，差异显著，但在其他5个维度及总分上，两者差别不具有显著性意义。

by applying psychological measurement methods, the author compared volition quality between short track speed skaters with difference sports performances and genders in order to gain an insight into if there is a difference in volition quality between them, and revealed the following findings: in terms of objective clearness male skaters at international master sportsman level are superior to male skaters at national master sportsman level, but in terms of renitency male skaters at national master sportsman level are superior to male skaters at international master sportsman level; female skaters at national master sportsman level are superior to level 1 female skaters in terms of renitency, determination, confidence and total score, and differences between them are significant; furthermore, by comparing volition quality between male and female skaters, the author found that in terms of toughness male skaters are superior to female skaters, and the difference is significant, but in terms of other 5 factors and total score, differences between them are not significant.

以心理干预为核心手段的运动员运动损。。。我国优秀排球运动员运动寿命影响因素。。。运动生物力学在乒乓球运动中的应用与。。。对投掷运动员运动损伤的调查分析与预。。。《运动防病治病讲座》健身运动的基本。。。都市运动研究：理论传统的界定和中国。。。《运动防病治病讲座》中年人的健身运。。。体校学生特征性运动自信心和运动动机。。。中国优秀沙滩排球运动员运动损伤流行。。。摘要：采用心理测量法，从不同运动水平、不同性别短道速滑运动员意志品质的比较入手，了解其意志品质是否存在差别。结果表明：男子国际健将运动员在目标清晰维度上好于男子国家健将级运动员，但在顽强性维度上，国家健将级运动员好于国际健将级运动员；女子国家健将级运动员在顽强性、果断性、自信心3个维度和总分上均好于女子一级运动员，两者差异具有显著性；此外，比较男、女运动员之间的意志品质，发现男运动员在坚韧性维度上好于女运动员，差异显著，但在其他5个维度及总分上，两者差别不具有显著性意义。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。