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Firstly, the Signal Noise Ratio characteristic of matched filter despread symbol and the distribution of coherent phase estimation error are derived. Secondly, the exact integration formula of BER for fading channel is presented, moreover, by using the Maclaurin series expansion of MPSK conditional Symbol Error Rate, the simplified BER approximations for BPSK and QPSK are derived over AWGN, Nakagami-m fading and Rayleigh fading channel.

首先推导了匹配滤波解扩符号的信噪比特性和相干相位估计误差的分布；然后给出了衰落信道中误比特率的精确积分式，并利用MPSK条件误符号率的麦克劳林级数形式，推导了AWGN，Nakagami-m衰落和瑞利衰落信道中BPSK，QPSK误比特率的简化逼近式。

The ideal rocket represents the maximum performance condition that could be attained if it were not for real-world factors and other approximations that lead to performance reductions in actual solid rocket motors.

理想的火箭，代表最高性能的条件是可以实现的如果不是真实世界的因素和其他的逼近，导致性能降低，在实际固体火箭发动机。

This paper begin with a review of curves and surfces modeling, then we discuss the parametric polynomial minimal surface. This is followed by a discussion of the representations of catenoids and helicoids. Next, we discuss the numeric approximations to the minimal surfaces with piecewise polygons and B-Spline surfaces.

全文安排如下首先，我们简要回顾曲面造型历史和发展现状在第二和第三章，讨论参数多项式极小曲面；在第四章讨论悬链面和螺旋面的表示；在第五章讨论极小曲面的分片线性逼近；在第六章讨论极小曲面的B-样条逼近；最后，我们对全文做简单的总结。

A class of nonconforming finite element approximations to Maxwell s equations are discussed in this paper.

本文主要讨论非协调有限元在Maxwell s方程中的应用。

It includes the following chapters: o Introduction to MATLAB o Root Approximations and Partial Fraction Expansion o Sinusoids and Complex Numbers o Matrices and Determinants o Review of Differential Equations o Power Series o Linear and Parabolic Regression o Solution of

它包括以下各章： o MATLAB o 根近似值的介绍并且部分分数展开 o Sinusoids 和复数o 矩阵和决定因素o 回顾的线的微分方程o幂级数o 和抛物线回归o 解决办法

The difference of results under two approximations-high order approximation and paraxial approximation are also given.

最后用计算机绘制了列阵成像系统中各观察面上的场强分布。

The detailed algorithm on analyzing cracks exploration inside blocks is: enriched approximations which describe singular crack tips fields and discontinuous crack faces are employed under the Partition of Unity theory; the enriched nodes surrounding crack tips or faces are respectively mapped with corresponding enriched degrees of freedom, and the solution of all these degrees of freedom is uniformly proceeded by the implicit iteration algorithm of DDA, then fracture and breakage of DDA blocks can be analyzed. The numeric examples show this algorithm is rational and efficient.

为此建立的无网格法裂纹扩展分析算法，采用满足单位分解条件的特殊增强型函数表达裂纹周围应力场的非连续、奇异特性，将对应的扩展自由度动态映射到裂纹周围的节点上，统一按DDA法隐式迭代方式求解，实现块体裂纹扩展和强度分析，相关算例结果显示该算法是合理有效的。

Based on different P-wave phase velocity approximations, different traveltime-distance formulae can be deduced.

基於不同的相速度近似公式会得到不同的时距关系式。

KdV equation can bedescribed in the language of Poisson bracket,so we can exploit its bracket struc-ture to design numerical approximations.

KdV方程能用Poisson括弧的语言来描述，因此我们可以利用它的括弧结构设计数值逼近。

This integration is performed in closed form by employing quadratic polynomial approximations for the amplitude and unwrapped phase of the integrated.

我们给出了电流近似和积分过程的举例。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。