查询词典 approach

The available operation range in clivus and anterior cranial base by transsphenoidal opproach was also observed during the operation under the help of neuronavigational pointer. Forty-one patients underwent sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary region guided by Surgical Microscope Navigation was studied. The piriform aperture was 27. 2mm±3. 1 , the origin of inferior nasal concha 30mm±4. 1, the origin of middle nasal concha 27. 9mm±4. 3. These data are important for transsphenoidal approach, because the piriform aperture and the origin of both inferior and middle nasal conchas restricted the opening width of the Hardy specula. If any distance of these bony structures was much less than the mean one, may cause inadequate opening of the specula blade and resulting dissatisfied operative field. Microadenomas or cystic tumors perhaps can be operated even in a narrow exposure, but large or giant solid adenomas may need a proper evaluation including changing the operative approach or performing a bilateral submucous inferior conchotomy or posterior ethmoidectomy firstly.

手术中还利用CT导航系统观察棒研究了经口—鼻蝶窦入路在斜坡区和前颅底能够达到的实际有效操作范围，为扩大经蝶窦入路手术在斜坡区和前颅底的应用奠定基础，在国内外尚未见同类报道。41例垂体瘤患者梨状孔平均宽度27.2mm±3.1，下鼻甲根部附着处间距30mm±4.1，中鼻甲根部附着处间距27.9mm±4.3，这是经口—鼻蝶窦入路手术中，对Hardy双瓣鼻窥器张开限制的主要骨性结构，若患者这些径线值明显小于平均值，则可能因为鼻窥器打开不充分而影响手术暴露，当然对于垂体微腺瘤和以囊变为主的垂体瘤可能影响不大，但对于大和巨大垂体瘤必须要有充分的准备，包括评估是否改用其他入路，或先行鼻甲切除再行经蝶手术。

Using Kocher-Langenbeck approach,ilioinguinal approach,and before and after the combined approach to open reduction and internal fixation.

分别采用Kocher-Langenbeck入路、髂腹股沟入路及前后联合入路进行切开复位内固定。

The infraclavicular and the AXIS approach can be substitutes for the supraclavicular approach. Considering the relative high incidence of pneumothorax, the infraclavicular approach should be paid more attention.

考虑到锁骨上入路臂丛阻滞的气胸发生率较高的缺点，锁骨下入路和AXIS入路可以作为锁骨上入路的一种替代方法，其中锁骨下入路尤应受到足够的重视。

In recent years, the Western scholarship on China is trying to disintegrate the once dominant Western-centered approach by using a variety of approaches, such as post-modernism, post-colonialism and China-centered approach. The intercomparable approach is a new fashion.

近年来的西方中国学研究纷纷致力于以后 ssbbww 现代主义、后殖民主义、中国中心论等视角来瓦解从前居统治地位的西方中心视角，目前又流行互动比较的视角，而且偏爱比较晚明前清与同时 ssbbww。

Methods: The microstructure of the cavernous sinus of 10 adult cadaveric heads were observed under microscope through lateral extradural approach,lateral intradural approach and superior approach.

10例成人头颅标本，采用经额颞眶-颧弓开颅，在显微镜下对海绵窦的侧方硬膜外，侧方硬膜下，及上方入路进行解剖学观察。

In order to reasonably review the status and progress of ESCR in China, we introduce some methods measuring human rights, for example, HDI developed by UNDP(2000) based on progressive realization, a violations approach by Chapman (1996),a subsistence rights approach by Apodaca（2005）, a three-dimension approach by Landman(2004), and so on, and measure the right to education, health, and labor by right indicators.

为了准确评价中国的经济、社会和文化权利的现状和变化，我们还引入了Chapman (1996)、UNDP(2000)、 Landman(2004)和Apodaca（2005）等发展的人权度量理论和方法，试图从教育权、健康权和劳动权三种权利的视角建立各自的权利指数，通过指数来度量这些权利的总体变动情况。

Methods:①To observe important landmarks of bony of PPF、the neurovascular structure and its relations with the surrounding structures via endoscopic middle meatal transpalatine approach、middle meatal transantral approach and inferior turbinectomy transantral approach respectively in 10 fresh cadaveric heads(20 sides).

①通过对10具(20侧)成人新鲜尸头分别采用鼻内镜下中鼻道经腭骨入路、经上颌窦入路、下鼻甲切除经上颌窦入路进行解剖，观测手术径路中穿经结构以及重要血管神经的毗邻关系。

In the practice we have no special design of the approach slap , and the theoretical thereunder is not so reasonable. For example, when calculate the length of the approach slap, we adopt the permission differential change slap and settlement, without considering the height of road embankment filling , the form of abutment and the properties of the filling sort, so sometimes it is hard to eliminate the bridge head bump completely because of the disjoint, rupture or overshort of the approach slap, influencing the use of the road and bridge.

实践中一般桥头搭板不作专项设计，且理论依据不甚合理，如搭板长度计算采用桥头容许变坡差和沉降量确定，没有考虑路堤填土高度、桥台形式及填土性质，所以有时会出现搭板脱空、断裂或过短而未能彻底消除跳车现象，从而给道路桥梁的使用带来影响。

Part one introduce procreant history background and development track of real-options approach producing, expatiate on real-options' basic concept, types, comparison between this approach and some other price approach.

第一章介绍了实物期权方法产生的历史背景、发展轨迹，阐述了实物期权的基本概念、类型以及该方法与其他定价方法之间的比较。

To compare the effect on operative exposureamong retrolabyrinthine approach,PLPA approach and translabyrinthine approach.Methods (1)Vessels perfusion and microanatomy were performed in 15 cadavericheads.Outlines of temporal bone and space relationship between inner structureswere measured.

目的研究颞骨的外部形态及内部结构，测量结构的空间关系；对比研究神经导航辅助Kawase入路与常规Kawase入路对手术过程及手术暴露的影响；对比研究迷路后入路、PLPA入路及经迷路入路对手术暴露的影响。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。