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The following points are emphasized:The operation models of adiabatic and diabatic distillation have been set up and the operation block, thermodynamics model and mathematical model in the simulation have been determined as well;(2)Based on the simulation and exergy analysis with Aspen Plus program, shortcut distillation design—DSTWU model and rigorous distillation design—RADFRAC model, the author has determined the heat duty, exergy losses and the distribution of exergy losses along the adiabatic column, which will help the simulation and optimization of the diabatic distillation;(3)Diabatic distillation under various operation conditions has been simulated by using energy balance method and exergy analysis;(4)How the different mixture and the various degree of separation, number of trays and feed location influence exergy saving in diabatic distillation have also been discussed;(5)On the basis of the total exergy losses along the column, different schema of the heat transfer distribution along the column have been compared and analyzed;they can be classified in three categories: heat duty equipartition approach, empirical approach, separation degree matching approach. In conclusion, different heat transfer distribution along the column will have effect on total exergy losses. In particular, most satisfactory results have been obtained by using separation degree matching approach. In order to diminish the exergy losses, heat transfer distribution should meet the needs of the request of separation degree.And on this premise, the author makes his suggestion in increasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with minimum exergy losses and decreasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with the maximum exergy losses.

本文对透热精馏过程进行了模拟并对其节能效果的影响因素做了较为全面的分析和深入的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)建立了常规精馏和透热精馏过程的模拟操作模块、热力学模型以及数学模型；(2)利用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus并分别采用DSTWU简捷模型和RADFRAC严格计算模型对常规精馏进行模拟计算和有效能分析，确定常规精馏塔的公用工程热负荷、有效能损失及有效能损失在塔内的分布，为透热精馏的模拟和优化提供数据参考；(3)对不同物系在不同分离度条件下进行透热精馏的模拟，分别采用能量衡算法和有效能分析法进行计算和分析；(4)探讨了各种因素如物系的选择、不同分离度、塔板数、进料位置对透热精馏节能效果的影响；(5)以全塔总有效能损失为比较基准，对热量在塔内的三种分布方案即热负荷平均分配法、经验法和分离度匹配法进行了对比分析并得出结论：塔内热量的不同分布方案对于全塔总有效能损失会产生影响，其中以分离度匹配法的节能效果最为理想，为减少有效能的损失，应使塔内的热量分布满足各塔板的分离度要求，并在此前提下，尽量减小有效能损失大的塔板的热负荷和增加有效能损失小的塔板的热负荷。

Based on landscape representation models, process models and evaluation models, the author discussed five design approaches to landscapes: The Feng-shui approach, Lynch's approach of "Imageable city", the "Genius loci" approach, McHarg's "Design with nature" approach and the approach of landscape ecology.

本文从景观设计过程的陈述模型，过程模型和评价模型三个方面系统讨论和比较了五个不同景观设计途径，包括前科学途径，现象学途径（包括林奇的"城市印象"途径和"场所精神"途径），以及生态学途径(包括"设计遵从自然"途径和景观生态途径)。

Metaphor has been studied from different approaches, such as: Aristotelian approach, the interactionist approach, the cognitive approach and grammatical approach.

亚里斯多德的隐喻观、互相作用理论以及认知隐喻观都是从词汇的层面分析隐喻现象，持这些观点的语言学家都认为隐喻是词汇层面上的变体。

In this paper, we present an access cell selection approach, which is based on cell sojourn time estimation. The approach selects access cell according to the cell sojourn time estimated. Compared with residual dwell time approach and power level offset approach, our access cell selection approach has a much smaller probabfiity of erroneous access cell selection, thus a better performance.

在本文中，我们提出了一种基于移动台小区驻留时间估计的接入层次选择方法，这种方法依据移动台在小区中的驻留时间估计值来进行接入层次选择，与剩余驻留时间方法与功率小区偏移方法相比，其小区选择错误概率明显要低，具有较好的性能。

This paper reviews the research of Kohlberg's moral typology, that is, the developmental approach, the substage approach and the ideal-typological approach. The paper sets forth nine theoretical criteria, three general hypotheses, the moral type coding scheme and six empirical studies of the ideal-typological approach in detail.

本文回顾了科尔伯格道德类型理论的研究历程即发展类型方法、亚阶段方法和理想类型方法，并进一步系统地阐述了理想类型方法的九条理论标准、三个一般性假设、评分手册及六个实证研究。

The treatment of PPS tumor is primarily exairesis by the transoral approach, cervical approach, cervical-parotid approach, mandible split swing approach and maxillary swing approach.

PPS肿瘤的治疗以手术切除为主，手术径路有经口径路、颈侧径路、颈腮腺径路、下颌骨裂开外旋径路、上颌骨外旋径路。

The choice of surgical approach was basesd on the individual fracture which including ilioinguinal approach 7,Kocher Langenbech approach 9,combined approach 31,extended iliofemoral approach 11.All the patients were fixed with reconstruction plates.

根据不同的骨折类型，选择髂腹股沟入路7例，Kocher—Langenbech入路9例，联合入路31例，延长髂股入路11例，全部采用重建钢板进行固定。

Based on landscape representation models, process models and evaluation models, the author discussed five design approaches to landscapes: The Feng-shui approach, Lynch's approach of "Imageable city", the "Genius loci" approach, McHarg's "Design with nature" approach and the approach of landscape ecology.

本文从景观设计过程的陈述模型，过程模型和评价模型三个方面系统讨论和比较了五个不同景观设计途径，包括前科学途径，现象学途径（包括林奇的&城市印象&途径和&场所精神&途径），以及生态学途径(包括&设计遵从自然&途径和景观生态途径)。

Huge size 7 cases,large size 63 cases,small size 11 cases.the operative approach included revised pterional approach 53 cases,combined subfrontal-pterional approach 7 cases,perional approach with zygomatic arch removal 15 cases,pterional approach together with frontal and temporal approach 6 cases.results simpson grade ⅰ remove was 45 cases;grade ⅱ 12 cases;ⅲa 9 cases;ⅲb 6 cases;ⅳa 3 cases.

巨大型7例，大型63例，小型11例。采用改良翼点入路53例；额下翼点联合入路7例；经颧弓翼点入路15例；额颞眶颧入路6例。结果 simpson ⅰ级切除45例，ⅱ级切除17例，ⅲa级切除9例，ⅲb级6例，ⅳa级3例。

The operative approach included revised pterional approach 53 cases,combined subfrontal-pterional approach 7 cases,perional approach with zygomatic arch removal 15 cases,pterional approach together with frontal and temporal approach 6 cases.

采用改良翼点入路53例；额下翼点联合入路7例；经颧弓翼点入路15例；额颞眶颧入路6例。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。