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Annual Average Growth Rate two methods for calculating annual average growth rate are applied in China, one is often called "level approach" or the method of calculating geometric average, which is derived by comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning year; the other is called "accumulative approach" or algebraic average or equation method, which is derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the base year.

平均增长速度我国计算平均增长速度有两种方法：一种是习惯上经常使用的"水平法"，又称几何平均法，是以间隔期最后一年的水平同基期水平对比来计算平均每年增长速度；另一种是"累计法"，又称代数平均法或方程法，是以间隔期内各年水平的总和同基期水平对比来计算平均每年增长速度。

Tow methods for calculating average annual growth rate are applied in China, one is often called level approach or the method of calculating geometric average, which is derived by comparing the level of the last year of the interval with that of the beginning year; the other is called accumulative approach or algebraic average or equation method, which is derived

我国计算平均增长速度有两种方法：一种是习惯上经常使用的"水平法"，又称几何平均法，是以间隔期最后一年的水平同基期水平对比来计算平均每年增长速度：另一种是"累计法"，又称代数平均法或方程法，是以间隔期内各年水平的总和同基期水平对比来计算平均每年增长速度。

Tow methods for calculating average annual growth rate are applied in China, one is often called "level approach" or the method of calculating geometric average, which is derived by comparing the level of the last year of the interval withthat of the beginning year; the other is called "accumulative approach" or algebraic average or equation method, which is derived by the summation of the actual figure of each year in the interval divided by the figure in the base year.

我国计算平均增长速度有两种方法：一种是习惯上经常使用的"水平法"，又称几何平均法，是以间隔期最后一年的水平同基期水平对比来计算平均每年增长速度；另一种是"累计法"，又称代数平均法或方程法，是以间隔期内各年水平的总和同基期水平对比来计算平均每年增长速度。

Some appraisers have a bias toward the cost approach, while others are bias ed toward market approach.

在一些人偏爱使用市场法时，另外一些人却偏爱于使用成本法。

This paper describes an approach to reverse engineering based on the formal semantics of the strongest postcondition predicate transformer,and the partial correctness model of program semantics introduced by Hoare. The main point of our investigation is how to use informal and formal methods for reverse engineering. The approach provided by this thesis is mainly to process the C program system for reverse engineering.

本文描述的逆向工程中的形式化方法采用最强后置条件谓词转换技术和Hoare理论中有关程序语义的部分正确性模型，研究的重点是利用形式化技术和非形式化技术对程序代码进行逆向工程，以支持软件理解和维护。

We present an efficient approach for generating the correspondence between two homeomorphic 3D polyhedral models. The user can select vertices on the polyhedra to decompose the boundary of each polyhedron into the same number of morphing patches. Further, the user can specify the feature points on the morphing patch pairs to improve the morph. After the morphing patch pairs are be mapped to 2D regular polygons, they are merged and reconstructed to generate a morph. In the main procedures of our approach, we propose an easy mapping method and a foldover-free warping technique. And we also propose a most efficient merging algorithm. The merging can be completed in O.

我们的对应演算法主要的流程架构是(1)设计一套良好的介面提供给使用者在物体表面上点选圈选点；(2)利用最短路径将圈选点作两两相连，以切割勿体表面；(3)利用Relaxation的方式进行摊平的目的；(4)利用Warping技术以增进使用者的便利性，因此无须圈选太多快patch以精确对齐物体的特徵，同时还提供一套自行避免相交情况的演算法以保证不相交；(5)我们研发出一套极快速的merge演算法，其利用最小轮廓涵盖结构而有效地达成区域搜寻与区域merge，因此在效率上达到O；(6)最后藉由Remesh与3D位置资讯的建立，重构出对应的结果整体而言，透过本论文所研发的对应演算法将不用花费太多的执行时间，因此符合经济效益。

The proposed approach is verified by two cantilever beam experiments under ideal boundary conditions and uncertain end conditions, and the approach presented here is suitable for crack identification in engineering even if small frequency measuring errors exist.

对于理想边界条件下的裂纹参数识别，在测量频率存在小误差情况下，该方法仍能给出比较满意的结果，对于非完全固支边界条件下的裂纹参数识别，利用本文方法能得到比Narkis的方法更精确的裂纹位置识别结果。

This approach is a combination of signal analysis and mathematical model .By the denoising function of wavelet and the learning itself function of neural network , the input and output nonlinear dynamic characteristic of system is obtained . The output prediction error, generated from the real output and wavelet neural networks estimated output, is used as a residual error to execute logical judge. and this approach can improve the speed and accuracy rate of fault detection.

它是一种把信号分析和数学模型相结合的故障检测方法，通过小波对信号的去噪和神经网络的自学习功能，来获取系统输入输出的非线性动力学特性，进而实时计算出残差并进行逻辑判决，可提高故障检测的速度和准确率。

Approach Segments: Is it critical to the safety of instrument flight to be able to identify the four segment of the approach Not really, but it's that sort of extra knowledge that makes the better pilot.

复飞航段：能识别进近的四个阶段对仪表飞行安全很关键吗并非真是如此。

Based on the return2calculating sequential conditional least-squares technique and the upper-triangular Cholesky decomposition algorithm, a new approach to resolve GPS carrier phase integer ambiguity solution , which is referred as Return-Calculating LAMBDA approach , has proposed in this paper.

基于回代解算的序贯条件最小二乘技术和上三角的Cholesky分解算法，提出求解载波相位模糊度的一种新算法——回代解算的LAMBDA方法。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。