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The logical framework approach,the comparison approach and the success degree approach are demonstrated with examples.

在此基础上，结合后评价实践，对包括逻辑框架法、对比法、成功度法等的通信工程项目后评价常规方法进行了分析和比较；为解决后评价指标权重分配、定性指标定量化、多指标评价结论综合汇总等问题，提出了基于语义判断和模糊判断的综合后评价方法。

In this article, to estimation approach of gene effect, we establish genetic model and develop an approach to estimate the polygenic effect and gene types, the validity of this approach is proved by mathematical induction and computer simulation.

针对上述两点，本研究分为两篇，上篇发展了一种估计控制数量性状的基因作用和类型的方法，并用数学推导的方法和计算机模拟的方法证明了所提方法的有效性。

Spurious timeout is very harmful to TCP. Two kinds of approaches were proposed to mitigate this problem, conservative approach and aggressive approach. In conservative approach, a conservative RTO, minRTO, is used. When RTO estimate form RTT is less than minRTO, it is set to minRTO. This makes RTO become predictable and may be exploited by attackers.

在TCP里，错误的逾期会造成相当大的伤害，而已经存在有两种类的方法来减轻这个问题，我们称他们为保守措施与积进措施，在保守措施里有用到一个保守重送逾期值(RTO， Retransmission Timeout) minRTO，当根据RTT 所估算出来的RTO小於 minRTO 时，RTO就会被设为minRTO，这样的做法会让RTO变成是可预测的，进而可能被攻击者利用。

Due to different conceptualization of the state, statism includes three approaches: unitary state approach domestic structure approach and institutional approach.

由于对"国家"概念界定的不同，国家主义包括三种不同的理论路径：单一国家路径、国内结构路径和制度路径。

The surgical approaches included suboccipital midline approach, lateral approach, and far lateral approach.

手术采用枕下正中入路、枕下旁正中入路和远外侧入路三种术式。

Objective General evaluation of the degree of exposure and damage to the cerebellopontine angle region by the postlabyrithine approach and suboccipital retrosigmoid approach, being familiar with anatomic structure of this region and providing theory reference for the choice of the clinical operative approach.

方法在显微镜下对5例(10侧)国人成人头颅灌注湿性标本进行模拟经迷路后入路和经枕下乙状窦后入路的手术操作，观察区域解剖结构、按Ammirat标准进行评价两种入路对桥小脑角区的显露程度，测量并用Horgan法计算出显露面积，并按损伤程度的评分评价两入路对桥小脑角区的损伤程度。

The analysis results showed that the strapdown approach will be faced to more error sources with sensor noise and motion disturbance. The simulation results verified this and indicated that the performance of the strapdown approach would not be as efficient as that of the direct approach.3. Analyzing the principle and error model of MEMS QRS gyro for the purpose of practical applications, the paper presented an autoregressive model for the gyro signal by means of time series theory.

应用牛顿力学原理分析了光电稳定跟踪机构的惯量耦合关系和动力学模型，推导了平台单轴伺服回路的控制方程，比较了直接稳定和捷联稳定方案在测量噪声和外部扰动共同作用下的性能特点，仿真结果表明，在同等噪声和扰动条件下，捷联稳定面临更多的误差源，因而最终的稳定精度较难达到直接稳定系统的水平。3。

If adopting the reliability analysis approach for geotechnical engineering, the uncertainness of various influencing factors, especially uncertainness of geotechnical parameters and calculated approach must be considered. Based on these two influencing factors, it is thoroughly studied of the probability characteristic of geotechnical parameters and the reliability of limited bearing capacity of single pile, and a set of idiographic method and approach of reliability analysis is built based much engineering data collected in Hangzhou area.

对岩土工程采用可靠度设计方法，需要综合考虑各种影响因素的不确定性，尤其是土性参数的不确定性和计算方法的不确定性，本文针对这两方面因素，在收集杭州地区大量工程资料的基础上，对土性参数概率特征及单桩极限承载力可靠度进行了详细研究，建立了一套可靠度分析的具体方法和途径。

Now, because the means of data administration is very poor and some other reasons, the market data approach is scarcely used by land valuator. In this paper, the author analyzes the application actuality and difficulties of the market data approach, and try to overcome these difficulties. Then the author accomplishes applied geographical information system for the market data approach based on urban land grading and evaluation system, taking Nantong city as example, and has got anticipative purpose.

本研究在分析市场比较法应用状况、应用难点的基础上，提出了市场比较法应用过程中难点问题的解决方法，从技术角度上阐述了基于城镇土地定级估价信息系统之上的市场比较法评估信息系统的建立，尤其是以南通市为例完成了该市市场比较法信息系统和各项基础数据库的建设，取得了预期的研究成果。

In addition, The proposed approach is compared with the recognition approach based on he vector power spectrum and radial basis function network. The experiment result shows that the proposed approach is very effective, especially in the small samples.

同时，该方法还与基于矢功率谱的径向基函数网络识别结果进行了比较，实验结果表明，该方法是有效的，尤其在小样本情况下，SVM识别效果明显优于径向基函数网络。

Through comparing with the results by simulation to study the effects of theprojectile"s final velocity, the angle of rotation and the ballistic trajectory"s migration withdifferent projectile"s rotating speeds, different target"s moving speeds and differentpenetration angles.

通过比较数值模拟的结果来研究不同弹头转速、目标速度、侵彻角对侵彻过程中弹头最终速度、翻转角度和弹道偏移的影响。

I love stationery and all the accoutrement of writing.

我爱文具以及所有的书写的工具装备。