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Based on landscape representation models, process models and evaluation models, the author discussed five design approaches to landscapes: The Feng-shui approach, Lynch's approach of "Imageable city", the "Genius loci" approach, McHarg's "Design with nature" approach and the approach of landscape ecology.

本文从景观设计过程的陈述模型，过程模型和评价模型三个方面系统讨论和比较了五个不同景观设计途径，包括前科学途径，现象学途径（包括林奇的&城市印象&途径和&场所精神&途径），以及生态学途径(包括&设计遵从自然&途径和景观生态途径)。

The following points are emphasized:The operation models of adiabatic and diabatic distillation have been set up and the operation block, thermodynamics model and mathematical model in the simulation have been determined as well;(2)Based on the simulation and exergy analysis with Aspen Plus program, shortcut distillation design—DSTWU model and rigorous distillation design—RADFRAC model, the author has determined the heat duty, exergy losses and the distribution of exergy losses along the adiabatic column, which will help the simulation and optimization of the diabatic distillation;(3)Diabatic distillation under various operation conditions has been simulated by using energy balance method and exergy analysis;(4)How the different mixture and the various degree of separation, number of trays and feed location influence exergy saving in diabatic distillation have also been discussed;(5)On the basis of the total exergy losses along the column, different schema of the heat transfer distribution along the column have been compared and analyzed;they can be classified in three categories: heat duty equipartition approach, empirical approach, separation degree matching approach. In conclusion, different heat transfer distribution along the column will have effect on total exergy losses. In particular, most satisfactory results have been obtained by using separation degree matching approach. In order to diminish the exergy losses, heat transfer distribution should meet the needs of the request of separation degree.And on this premise, the author makes his suggestion in increasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with minimum exergy losses and decreasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with the maximum exergy losses.

本文对透热精馏过程进行了模拟并对其节能效果的影响因素做了较为全面的分析和深入的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)建立了常规精馏和透热精馏过程的模拟操作模块、热力学模型以及数学模型；(2)利用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus并分别采用DSTWU简捷模型和RADFRAC严格计算模型对常规精馏进行模拟计算和有效能分析，确定常规精馏塔的公用工程热负荷、有效能损失及有效能损失在塔内的分布，为透热精馏的模拟和优化提供数据参考；(3)对不同物系在不同分离度条件下进行透热精馏的模拟，分别采用能量衡算法和有效能分析法进行计算和分析；(4)探讨了各种因素如物系的选择、不同分离度、塔板数、进料位置对透热精馏节能效果的影响；(5)以全塔总有效能损失为比较基准，对热量在塔内的三种分布方案即热负荷平均分配法、经验法和分离度匹配法进行了对比分析并得出结论：塔内热量的不同分布方案对于全塔总有效能损失会产生影响，其中以分离度匹配法的节能效果最为理想，为减少有效能的损失，应使塔内的热量分布满足各塔板的分离度要求，并在此前提下，尽量减小有效能损失大的塔板的热负荷和增加有效能损失小的塔板的热负荷。

Metaphor has been studied from different approaches, such as: Aristotelian approach, the interactionist approach, the cognitive approach and grammatical approach.

亚里斯多德的隐喻观、互相作用理论以及认知隐喻观都是从词汇的层面分析隐喻现象，持这些观点的语言学家都认为隐喻是词汇层面上的变体。

This paper reviews the research of Kohlberg's moral typology, that is, the developmental approach, the substage approach and the ideal-typological approach. The paper sets forth nine theoretical criteria, three general hypotheses, the moral type coding scheme and six empirical studies of the ideal-typological approach in detail.

本文回顾了科尔伯格道德类型理论的研究历程即发展类型方法、亚阶段方法和理想类型方法，并进一步系统地阐述了理想类型方法的九条理论标准、三个一般性假设、评分手册及六个实证研究。

To select the target word of these verbs in these sentences via SFCM method, MT selecting approach and testee selecting approach seperatively, and to contrast their selecting results with the keys, we may get the match degree to the keys: SFCM method is 92.7%, which is much better than MT approach (52.3%), and better than testee approach (88.06%) too.

分别通过语义特征组合模式、机器翻译系统和人工选择三种方法选择每句原文中动词的恰当义项，将这三种形式的译词选择结果分别与参考译文中的译词进行比较，得到每种形式与参考译文译词的吻合度。

Objective:To provide detailed anatomical data of the theory and practice for endoscopic surgery in the PPF by studying the related applied anatomy of PPF through the lateral wall of the nasal cavity approach of endoscopic middle meatal transpalatine approach、middle meatal transantral approach and inferior turbinectomy transantral approach respectively.

目的：通过鼻内镜下鼻腔外侧壁中鼻道经腭骨入路、中鼻道经上颌窦入路、下鼻甲切除经上颌窦入路三种手术入路方式对翼腭窝进行相关应用解剖学研究，为临床鼻内镜下翼腭窝手术提供详实的解剖学理论和实践基础。

The adaptive filter approach, the Park transform approach,the Hilbert transform approach and the instantaneous power approach are usually utilized to detect the rotor bar breaking fault on-1ine.

针对异步电动机轴承故障，本文就基于振动信号分析和定子电流信号分析的轴承故障检测方法分别进行了讨论。

The first one is approach difference. More than 90% Chinese patients prefer to accept infra-axillary approach for they thought that the incision scar is unobvious. But western patients prefer to accept peri-areola approach and seldom accept infra-axillary approach. For they thought that they like to expose their infra-axillary and then the scar would be found more often.

切口选择：中国求美者大部分约90%愿意选用腋下切口，觉得腋下切口隐蔽；而西方求美者大多选用乳晕切口，很少用腋下切口，因为西方人穿着比较暴露，腋下暴露的机会比较多，会让人看到手术痕迹。2。

Occasionally, this comprehensive approach has allowed riparians to move beyond looking at water as a commodity to be divided — a zero-sum, rights-based approach — and rather to develop an approach that equitably allocates not the water, but the benefits derived there from — a positive-sum, integrative approach,.

偶尔，这种全面的方法也允许流域国超越用日用品分配的方法看待水——一种零和的权利本位的方法，建立一种不是公平分配水，而是分配水所得的利益——一种正和的综合的方法

After comparing the time domain approach of estimating azimuth and slowness in the f-k method with the frequency domain, it is shown that the time domain approach actually is not less accurate or efficient than the improved frequency domain approach, and in the case of signal-to-noise ratio is very low, the results obtained from the time domain approach are more reliable.

进一步对在时域中直接估算信号方位角和慢度的一种算法进行了分析，比较发现时域方法的计算速度和精度都不低于频域方法，且在某些低信噪比的情况下，前者可以给出更可靠的结果。

Looking to bounce back from defeat against Cesena last weekend, the Calabrian boss will be sticking to his tried and tested 4-3-3, with Lopez and Sedivic joined up front in Giampaolo's absence by either Nanni or Plasmati.

鉴于上周末对切塞纳的比赛中反败为胜，这支南方球队将会更坚持其一贯而有效的4-3-3阵型，洛佩斯和塞德维奇将取代受伤缺席的詹保罗，和纳尼或者帕斯马蒂中的一个搭档锋线。

Meanwhile, their exposure to the more freewheeling ways of the West broadened dramatically.

另外，西方较自由的生活方式对年轻人的影响增大。