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The following is a list of topics to be covered: index number approach (fixed basket approach, test approach, economic approach, stochastic approach, and Divisia approach), chain index and chained index, hedonic price index, macroeconomic price index, stock market price index, inflation measurement, and economic growth rate measurement.

本课程的主要内容包括：指数方法（指数的固定篮子方法、指数的检验方法、指数的经济方法、指数的随机方法、指数的 Divisia 方法）、环比指数与链式指数、 Hedonic 价格指数、宏观经济价格指数、证券市场价格指数、通货膨胀测度、经济增长率测度。

Glycine equivalent approach is one of the major asymmetric synthesis methods of α-amino acids.

氨基酸的不对称合成中，甘氨酸等当体途径'Glycine Equivalent Approach'是一种重要的方法。

For intramolecular electron transfer reactions in solution,the fluctuations of the intramolecular vibrational modes are much faster than that of solvent mode.Thus,the reaction-diffusion equation is commonly used to describe the motion of solvent,with a sink function to treat the vibrational high-frequency mode.Based on this theory-so -called the Sumi-Marcus theory,we proposed an imaginary-time split operator approach to solve the reaction-diffusion equation.The approach is applied to evaluate the intermolecular ET rate between oxazine 1 and N,N-dimethlaniline.By measuring the two average survival times of the donor state probability and the rate constant in long time limit,the full kinetics of the ET is revealed with a variety of sink functions.

对于扩散控制的溶液中的电子转移反应，分子内振动模的运动比溶剂运动快很多，Sumi-Marcus理论提出用反应扩散方程(reaction-diffusion equation)处理溶剂的扩散运动，而分子内的振动用sink函数来表示，我们基于此理论发展了用虚时间分裂算符的方法(imaginary-time Split operator approach)解反应扩散方程，并将其应用于嗪1(oxazine 1，OX1)和N，N-二甲基苯胺分子之间的电子转移反应，Sink函数采用几种不同的微扰表达式，通过计算得到给体几率衰减的两种平均速率和长时间极限下的速率常数，揭示了该体系电子转移过程中的一些动力学性质。

This paper explores shareholder approach, material approach and investment approach to cash flow, and it is concluded as follows: Net present value calculated is equal for shareholder approach and material approach, but for fixed assets investment projects, shareholder approach is far more concise and workable than material approach and provides direct cash flow information with clear and useful economic significance. Investment approach analyzes forecast cash flow for investment projects from a different angle, not only offering additional managerial accounting information, but also testing the properness of and providing theoretical support for shareholder approach and material approach.

通过对股东现金流量法、实体现金流量法和全投资现金流量法模型的研讨，提出如下观点：股东现金流量法与实体现金流量法计算的净现值是相等的，但对寿命期有限的固定资产投资项目，股东现金流量法远比实体现金流量法简洁易懂，便于操作，其提供的现金流量信息直观，经济意义明晰，有用性强；全投资现金流量法从另一个角度进行投资项目的预期现金流量分析，不但能提供补充的管理用会计信息，而且能对股东现金流量法模型的正确性进行验证，互相提供理论上的支持。

Firstly, this study adopts a corpus-oriented usage-based approach to the distribution and productivity of V-kai resultative verbs, applying the quantitative techniques of both collocational and frequency analysis.

首先，本研究在语料库导向的使用基础模型(usage-based approach)架构下，运用字词搭配以及频率分析的量化方法，探讨「V-开」结果动词在语料中的分布以及多产性。

In order to model the complex physical systems of multi-energy domain, a novel modeling methodology named the extended multiport approach was presented.

主要内容包括：针对涉及多能量领域交互作用的复杂物理系统建模需要，提出了一种扩展的多端口建模方法(Extended Multiport Approach，简称XMPA)。

Originating from the four phases, the writer proposed six corresponding approaches to the teaching of mathematic rules, i.e., environment constructing approach, communizing and forming combination approach, researching and accepting approach, verifying from multi point of view and multi paths approach, rule networks constructing approach, comprehending and memorizing combination approach, etc.

然后就这四个阶段，依次提出数学规则的教学原则，它们分别是构建情境原则、同化与形成相结合原则、探究与接受相结合原则、多角度、多途径证明原则、构建规则网络原则和理解与记忆相结合原则。

Asking question (1) prejudges the issue by favoring some accounts of what we are and what it takes for us to persist over others. In particular, asking (1 effectively rules out the Somatic Approach described in the next section.

追问问题（1）预先判断了这个议题优先于对&我们是什么&和&什么使得我们持存&这些问题的说明（特别的，追问（1）在效果上去除了下面要讲到的&『the Somatic Approach』&）。

Also within each zone are portions of airspace, about 50 miles (80.5 km) in diameter, called TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach CONtrol) airspaces.

在每一个领空区域内，都有一个直径大约为50英里（80.5公里）的部分，称为TRACON（Terminal Radar Approach CONtrol终端雷达管制区）领空。

This may be a failure with equipment (e.g. a broken steering line or a big tuck during the flight) which is not a result of the pilot's poor preflight check, or massive sink such that a pilot is unable to reach the target or arrives with insufficient height tomake a reasonable final approach.

这可能是设备故障（如操纵绳断裂或飞行中的一个大夹翼 big tuck ），并非因飞行员的飞行前检查不足，或严重下沉造成飞行员无法到达目标区或到达时没有足够的高度，以作出合理的最终进航﹙ final approach ﹚。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。