查询词典 antibiotic-resistant

We selected mecA gene and femA factor asβ-lactam antibiotic-resistant genes, ermA, ermC, msrAgene as macrolides-lincosamids antibiotic-resistant genes, norA, grlA, gyrA, gene as Quinolonesantibiotic-resistant genes, and tetM gene as Tetracycline antibiotic-resistant genes on the basis of the latestresearch. We designed primers with GenBank enunciable gene sequence, cloned the drug resistantgenes, and sequenced these genes.

根据国内外最新文献报道，筛选出对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药的mecA基因及辅助因子femA；对大环内酯类及林可霉素类抗生素耐药的ermA、ermC、msrA基因，对喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药的norA、grlA和gyrA基因及对四环素类抗生素耐药的tetM基因作为拟选的主要耐药基因，分别设计PCR扩增的特异性引物，进行克隆。

Choose medicaments correctly, reasonable use medicaments, in order to make sure with medicine safety is mixed effective will be henceforth the main task that clinical medicine learns, for solution control hospital the clinical current situation that use drug reachs existence issue, promote the development of the reasonable job that use drug, raise a hospital reasonable the level that uses drug, the prescription of two place has outpatient service of author general hospital, be in hospital analytic research, summary goes out unreasonable a few big states that use drug, undertake classified at the same time. 1 clinical unreasonable with medical analysis each division all applies 1 abuse of 1 · or antibiotic of blind application antibiotic extensively, utilization rate amounts to 70% above, among them couplet is used rate be as high as 40%, appear even 2 couplet, triplex above, the commonnest abuse is infection of the upper respiratory tract, be admitted to hospital give 2~3 to plant antibiotic cure. 1 · of 1 · 1 without point to this kind to the cure that ask for uses drug unreasonable with medicine main show is in the person that the virus sex appeal such as hepatitis of sex of common cold, chicken pox, berpes zoster, virus is caught, in infection of not amalgamative bacterium, point to without what apply antibiotic ask for next using medicine. Incontrollable virus affects antibiotic, increase hepatic burden instead to patient of virus sex hepatitis.

梗概： 正确选择药物，并合理使用药物，以保证用药平安和有效是今后临床药学的重要任务，为了解把握医院临床用药目前状况及存在新问题，推动合理用药工作的发展，提高医院合理用药的水平，笔者将医院门诊、住院两处的处方进行分析探究，总结出不合理用药的几大状况，同时进行分类。1临床不合理用药的分析1·1滥用或盲目应用抗生素抗生素各科均广泛应用，使用率达70%以上，其中联用率高达40%，甚至出现二联、三联以上，最常见滥用为上呼吸道感染，入院给予2~3种抗生素治疗。1·1·1无指征的治疗用药这类不合理用药主要表现在普通感冒、水痘、带状疱疹、病毒性肝炎等病毒性感染者，在未合并细菌感染，无应用抗生素的指征下用药。

The antibiotic resistance of staphylococcus aureus was detected by K-B method. Of 33 staphylococcus aureus stains isolated from food, 28 were resistant to penicillium and ampicillin, the resistance rate was as high as 84.8%.21 stains were resistant to carbenicillin, the rate was 63.6%.5 stains were detected resistant to methicillin, which took up to 15.2%. The stains also were resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics, aminoglycoside, microcline antibiotic and tetracyclines in different levels, all strains were sensitive to vancomycin.

结果 33株食品中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌，有28株对青霉素和氨苄西林耐药，耐药率高达84.8%；21株对卡比西林耐药，耐药率达63.6%；检出了5株耐甲氧西林的菌株，耐药率为15.2%；对其他头孢类抗生素、氨基糖苷类、大环内脂类、四环素类等都出现出不同程度的耐药；所有菌株均对万古霉素敏感。

At the same time, sales of wear resistant welding rod, cast iron welding rod, stainless steel welding rod, casting tungsten carbide welding rod, low carbon steel welding rod, factory products:úspecial wear-resistant electrode, Sham Tseng bit special wear-resistant electrode, with wear-resistant welding rod mill, cement brick special wear-resistant electrode, pears seeder cultivator blades and other special wear-resistant electrode, the above Domestic Product of several ministerial-level enterprise year-round use.

同时销售耐磨焊条、铸铁焊条、不锈钢焊条、铸造碳化钨焊条、低碳钢焊条，本厂拳头产品：木炭机专用耐磨焊条、深井钻头专用耐磨焊条、粉碎机用耐磨焊条、砖瓦厂水泥厂专用耐磨焊条、播种机旋耕梨刀片专用耐磨焊条等，以上产品数家国内厅部级企业常年使用。

Is one: the petrochemical, chemical, metallurgical, mechanical, electrical, pharmaceutical, light industry and the nuclear industry and other professional services industries, the production of material specifications, heat-resistant steel, resistance Steel mill heat-resistant alloy steel, rare earth wear-resistant steel, high-pressure high-temperature nickel chromium alloy steel: Steel Casting products, high temperatures centrifugal cast pipe casting, centrifugal cast pipe (casting thickness: 5 mm ---- 60mm, outside Drive: 50 mm ---- 1600mm, single-tube products such as super-6 m diameter size of the cast pipe products) tube, cracking furnace tube, and into the furnace, the furnace tube radiation, radiation control, the loser of the ash, the reaction of various Furnace roll, roll bottom, the furnace roll, sank roll, roll stability, and various types of precision casting fixture, heat-resistant steel castings, and Steel Plant for Hot Piercing Plug casting, casting industrial furnace, heat treatment furnace industrial castings , Heat-resistant castings, wear-resistant steel castings, various types of chemical process pumps, plastic alloy centrifugal pump fluoride, fluoride alloy pump, stainless steel pumps, valves, pipe, steel-lined composite of various pieces, all kinds of PTFE Plastic pipe, fin tube heat exchanger, paper, chemicals, light industrial and textile enterprises such as air-conditioning GL Ⅱ type, U-radiators, welding a variety of stainless steel, alloy steel, carbon steel, high-frequency finned tube , Studded tube, sawtooth-shaped fin, and other products of the manufacturing enterprises.

靖江市舒尔机械制造有限公司是一家为：石化、化工、冶金、机械、电力、制药、轻工和核工业等行业服务的专业公司，生产各种材质规格的，耐热钢、耐磨钢耐热合金钢、稀土耐磨合金钢、高温承压高镍铬合金钢：特钢铸造制品、耐高温离心铸管铸件，离心铸管（铸造壁厚：5mm----60mm、外径：50mm----1600mm，单管制品长6m等超大径的铸管制品尺寸）炉管、裂解炉管、转化炉管、辐射炉管、辐射管、输灰管、反应管、各种炉辊、炉底辊、炉内辊、沉没辊、稳定辊、及各类精密铸造工装夹具，耐热钢铸件，钢管厂用热轧穿孔顶头铸件、工业炉用铸件，热处理工业炉用铸件，耐热铸件，耐磨钢铸件，各类化工流程泵，氟塑料合金离心泵，氟合金泵，不锈钢泵、阀门、管件、各种钢衬复合管件，各类聚四氟乙烯塑料管件，翅片管换热器、造纸、化工、轻纺等企业的空调GLⅡ型，U型散热器、焊接各种规格的不锈钢、合金钢、碳钢等，高频翅片管、钉头管、锯齿形翅片管等产品的生产企业。

The primary cause of antibiotic- associated diarrhea was applying antibiotic. When the gerontal patient ,which had applied antibiotic for long time, appeared diarrhea, antibiotic- associated diarrhea was considered at first.

抗生素应用是引起抗生素相关性腹泻的主要原因，对长期大量使用抗生素的老年患者出现腹泻现象时，首先应考虑是否为抗生素相关性腹泻。

Among the durum wheat, only few cultivars (12.2%) were resistant or moderately resistant while 58.9%of cultivars were resistant or moderately resistant among the bread wheat. Many Chinese cultivars at seedling stage were resistant to the most of Italian isolates of wheat powdery mildew.

由于意大利小麦品种或含有其亲本血缘的中国品种曾经在我国小麦育种和生产中起过比较重要的作用，因此希望这些信息对育种和植病工作者有所帮助。

Firstly,we isolated clinically and induced artificially multi-resistant Escherichia coli,detected antibacterials intake by different resistant level strains with CCCP and fluorescence spectro method and ascerained existing active efflux system in this strains; Secondly, construced internal standard of quantitive RT-PCR and detected AcrAB mRNA level of different resistant E.coli with quantitive RT-PCR; Thirdly, prepared AcrA antibody and detected AcrAB protein level of different resistant E.coli; eventually,designed and constructed Taqman probe of AcrAB and detected AcrAB level of different resistant E.coli with fluorescence quantitive PCR.

临床分离及人工诱导大肠杆菌多重耐药株，氰氯苯腙结合荧光分光法检测不同耐药水平菌株对抗菌药物的摄入，确证主动外排系统的存在；构建了定量RT-PCR的内标准DNA，通过定量RT-PCR检测动物源性大肠杆菌AcrAB mRNA的水平；制备AcrA抗体，采用Western-Blotting检测不同耐药株AcrAB蛋白的表达水平；设计和构建AcrA、AcrB的Taqman探针，检测不同耐药菌株AcrAB的水平。

Results totally 287 strains were isolated from the 256 positive samples , and the gram-negative bacilli were 225(78.4%,), the gram-positive coccus were 41(14.3%), snd the monilia were 21(7.3%).the distributions of clinical bacteria were respiratory tract(63.4%),urinaryract(7.0%),secretion(includingwound .3%),blood(5.9%),stool(5.2%), pucture fluid(4.9%), and other sites(7.3%). of all isolating bacterium,from the first to the fifth were ps.aeruginosa(19.5%),k.pneumoniae(16.7%), e.coli(14.3%), a.baumannii(11.8%) and psemal (10.1%).resistant rates of methecillin-resistant s.aureus,methecillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and vancomycin-resistantwere 88.2%、70.0% and 11.1% respectively;the incidence of e.coli and k.penumoniae produce extended speutrum beta-lactamase were 68.6%和65.2%, 44.6% of ps.aeruginosa isolates were resistant to imipenem; the highest examining rate of 21 kinds of monilia was candida albicans (66.7％),resistant rate of candida albicans to fluconazole and amphotricin b was 51.3％ and 1.3%.

结果 在254份检出细菌阳性标本中共培养出287株细菌，其中革兰阴性杆菌225株（78.4％），革兰阳性球菌41株（14.3%），念珠菌21株（7.3%），检出菌来自呼吸道标本占63.4%，其他标本各占5%左右；细菌检出占构成比前三位的依次为铜绿假单胞菌19.5%、肺炎克雷伯菌16.7%、大肠埃希菌14.3%；耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和耐万古霉素的肠球菌的发生率分别为88.2%、70.0%和11.1%；大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的超广谱β-内酰胺酶的检出率分别为68.6%和65.2%，铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率为40.2%；白色念珠菌对氟康唑的耐药率为81.3％，对两性霉素的耐药率为3.2%。

Results: Cultures for Mycobacterium were positive in a total of 2657 people, among them 1848 strains (69.55%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 809 strains (30.45%) were Nontuberculous Mycobacterium. Among the 1848 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 337 strains (18.24%) were drug resistant, and 75 strains (4.06%) of them were resistant to both Isoniazid and Rifampin which made them multi-drug resistant. Among the 548 strains of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium, 453 strains (82.66%) were drug resistant. There were a total of 261 rapidly growing mycobacteria, and 242 (92.72%) of them were drug resistant.

结果：分枝杆菌培养阳性共2657菌株/人，其中1848株(69.55%)为结核分枝杆菌，809株(30.45%)为非典型结核分枝杆菌感染。1848株结核分枝杆菌中，337株(18.24%)有抗药性问题，其中75株(4.06%)同时对Isoniazid和Rifampin有抗药性为多重性抗药菌。548株非典型结核分枝杆菌中453株(82.66%)有抗药性问题；快速生长菌群共261株，其中242株(92.72%)有抗药性问题。

Nonsense, riposted the bulls.

胡说，买空者们这样反击。

According to the Krishna Conscious philosopy, what is the goal of life?

根据奎师那知觉的哲学，什麼是生命的目标？