查询词典 anterior to

Abstract］ Objective To describe the shape of the planar space of the corneal anterior surface of children with emmetropia by using a conic section, and then to plot the changes in asphericity on 36 meridians to deduce the formulae of the three-dimensional shape of the corneal anterior surface.

目的 通过二次曲线方程来描述正视儿童角膜前表面的二维空间形态，根据各子午线非球面性的变化规律推导出其三维形态的数学表达式及非球面性变化规律表达式。

Results (1)The agger cells existed in 99% of the cases, the development of the agger cells in 9～16 years old children, and adult had no difference;(2) The morphology of agger cells differed widely, but its relationship to the anterior border of the middle nasal concha, bulla ethmoidalis and nasolacrimal canal was quite stable;(3) The upward pneumatization of the agger cells was not related to deviation of nasal septum, but closely related to the development of the frontal sinus;(4) The anterior nasosinusitis often influenced the agger cells and might result in hyperosteogeny.

结果 ①绝大多数病例（99%）有鼻丘气房，儿童（9～16岁）鼻丘发育与成人相比无差异性；②鼻丘形态变化很大，但与中鼻甲前端、筛泡和鼻泪管的关系是恒定的；③鼻丘向上气化程度与额窦发育关系密切，鼻中隔偏曲对其发育无明显影响；④前组鼻窦的广泛炎症易波及鼻丘，并可出现鼻丘骨质增厚。

CT scan: width of groove of sigmoid sinus, Depth of GSS, the distance from the lateral wall of GSS to the surface of mastoid process, the distance from the anterior wall of GSS to the posterior wall of external auditory meatus, the distance from the most lateral portion of posterior semicircular canal to the surface of mastoid process, the distance from the most lateral portion of PSC to the anterior edge of GSS, the distance from the most posterior portion of PSC to the posterior pyramidal wall was (11.44±1.79) mm,(5.27±193) mm,(1038±390) mm,(1366±218) mm,(13.44±1.8) mm,(9.65+1.76) mm,(2.92±0.98) mm respectively B.

后半规管最外侧至乳突外表面的最近距离是(13.44±1.86)mm，至乙状窦沟前缘的距离是(9.65±1.76)mm，其最后部至岩骨后壁的距离是(2.92±0.98)mm。

The diagnostic features for the species include deep excavation on the posteroventral margin of the premaxilla, a diastema between the premaxillary and maxillary teeth, a a number of many pits and ridges on the anterolateral surface of the antorbital fossa, the posterolateral process of the parietal being long and sharply posteriorly directed, the column ar -like margin of the pterygoid process of the quadrate, the bifurcated posterior margin of the dentary, a distinctive groove posterior to the anterior carina on the medial surface of the premaxillary tooth crowns, absence of ventrolateral processes on intercentrum of t he atlas, T-shaped centrum of the first caudal in ventral view, transverse process on anterior caudals with rounded , and strongly anteroposteriorly expanded distal end, presence of two fossae separated by an oblique ridge on the lateral side of the anterior chevrons near the articular end, and pubis strongly curved psoteriorly.

这一属种的主要鉴定特征包括：前上颌骨后腹缘有一深凹、前上颌齿和上颌齿之间有一齿缺、眶前窝外表面前部有许多坑窝和脊、顶骨侧后突伸向后方、方骨的翼骨支边缘柱状、靠近前上颌齿齿冠舌面前缘有槽、环椎间椎体外腹突缺失、第一尾椎椎体腹视 T 形、前部尾椎横突远端前后向强烈扩展呈圆形、前部脉弧近端外侧面有两个被一斜脊分离的窝以及耻骨强烈向后弯曲。通过分析千禧中国鸟龙的96个骨骼学特征，发现其中21个特征支持奔龙类与鸟类的亲缘关系最近，9个特征支持奔龙类与伤齿龙类亲缘关系最近，25个特征支持奔龙类、伤齿龙类和鸟类亲缘关系较为接近。

Anatomic classificationof ankle sprains is based on the number of affected ligaments.First-degree sprain is characterized by a partial or completetear of the anterior talofibular ligament. In second-degreesprain, both the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligamentsare either partially or completely torn. Third-degree sprainconsists of injuries to the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular,and posterior talofibular ligaments.

踝扭伤的解剖分型是根据受累的韧带进行的。1度扭伤的特点是前距腓韧带的部分或完全撕裂。2度扭伤是前距腓韧带和跟腓韧带同时部分或完全撕裂。3度扭伤是前后距腓韧带和跟腓韧带同时损伤。

RESULTS: The distance from anterior acetabular margin to anterior inferior iliac spine, iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle was (25.4±1.4) mm,(11.8±0.7) mm and (37.4±1.5) mm, respectively; the distance from posterior acetabular margin to anterior inferior iliac spine and iliopubic eminence was (15.5±0.9) mm and (29.1±1.6)mm, respectively.

结果：髋臼前缘到髂前下棘、髂耻隆起和耻骨结节的距离分别为(25.4±1.4)，(11.8±0.7)，(37.4±1.5)mm，后缘到髂前下棘和髂耻隆起的距离分别为(15.5±0.9)，(29.1±1.6)mm。

Objective: To provide anatomic data of vessels at the anterior aspect of lumber vertebrae for transperitoneal approach lumbar anterior minimally invasive surgery. Methods: This study investigated 30 human cadavers and 120 patients' magnetic resonance images, to study the major vascular anatomy of the anterior aspect of lumber vertebrae, and observe the relationship of the confluence of the common iliac veins with vertebral body or disc, as well the relationship of left iliac vein and L5~S1 disc.

目的：为经腹膜腰椎前路微创手术提供腰椎前方血管的解剖学依据；方法：选择30例防腐固定尸体标本及120例腰椎MRI断层数据，观察下腰椎区域髂总静脉的解剖学特点；根据腰椎前方血管的断层图片判断髂总静脉汇合点对应椎体的位置；L5~S1前方左髂总静脉对应椎间盘的位置。

In an attempt to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Healon in trabeculectomy, 20 eyes with Healon and 20 eyes without Healon injection after trabeculectomy are compared. Trabeculectomy using Healon will not induce transient rise of intraocular pressure. By filling the anterior chamber with Healon, a tamponing effect results which will maintain a deep chamber and reduce complications such as flat anterior chamber, choroidal detachment and striate keratopathy in the early postoperative period. In long-term evaluation there is no difference in pressure control, conjunctival scarring and corneal endothelial cell loss between Healon group and Non-Healon group.关键词 trabeculectomy , flat anterior chamber , choroidal detachment , intraocular pressure

为了评估Healen在小梁切除术中之疗效及安全性，选20位接受小梁切除术者，同时注射Healon於前房为实验对象，另20位接受传统小梁切除术为对照组，发现使用Healon并不会引起一过性眼压上升的现象，Healon注入前房，产生填塞作用，最大的好处是可以维持前房深度，减少术后合并症如前房消失，脉络膜剥离及角膜水肿等，然长期追踪，对於降眼压的幅度，不因使用Healon而可达到低眼压状态，也不会减少结合膜瘢痕化而促进房水引流，然Healon系一无毒，无炎性，无抗原性高黏稠性的物质，不因使用而发生炎性反应，同时有保护角膜内层细胞的功能。

Results The penumatization rate of total or inferior part of middle turbinate correlated positively to the inflammation of anterior ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Compared with patients with normal frontal sinuses, the vertical diameters of agger nasi cells of patients with frontal sinusitis were larger(11.70±5.50 mm and 8.54±3.67 mm respectivevy, p＜0.01).Compared with patients with normal maxillary sinuses, the Haller's cells of patients with maxillary sinusitis were larger (77.8% and 33.3%,P＜0.05)and the amount of inflammatory Haller's cells of the latter was more abundant than that of the former(91.6±17.8 mm2 and 41.6±12.6 mm2, respectively, P＜0.05). The deviation of uncinate process was one of the factors of maxillary sinusitis .The sizes of ethmoid bullae increased with the soft tissue thickening in anterior ethmoid sinus, the large ethmoid bulla may cause anterior ehmoid sinusitis.

结果 全中甲或中甲下部气化的发生率随前筛、上颌窦内软组织影增厚而升高；有额窦炎组病人的鼻丘气房最大纵向垂径明显大于无额窦炎组(分别为11.7±5.5 mm和8.5±3.7 mm，P＜0.01)；Haller气房在上颌窦炎组和非上颌窦炎组的发生率无显著差异，但前组发生炎症的Haller气房明显多于后组(分别为77.8%和33.3%，P＜0.05)，且前组Haller气房的冠状位截面积明显大于后组(分别为91.6±17.8 mm2和41.6±12.6 mm2，P＜0.05)；钩突角度随上颌窦内软组织增厚而减小；筛泡冠状位截面积随前筛窦内软组织增厚而增大(P＜0.01)。

Objective To set up the finite element model of typeⅡaxis odontoid fracture treated with anterior odontoid screw fixation and analyse the influence of different fixation position of screw different angle of fracture surface to the stability of odontoid process fracture fixed with anterior odontoid screw ,and then find the best biomechanical steady position of anterior odontoid screw.

目的建立Ⅱ型齿状突骨折螺钉固定的三维有限元模型，分析不同螺钉内固定位置以及骨折面角度对术后Ⅱ型齿状突骨折端稳定性的影响，探讨Ⅱ型齿状突骨折中空螺钉内固定的最佳生物力学稳定性位置。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐