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Patients with clinical virologic breakthrough during NA therapy and 4 negative control patients without virologic breakthrough were selected for the study of quasispecies dynamics. All the 70 serum samples from these 10 patients were analyzed with the method of'PCR-cloning-sequencing'. Totally over 2,100 clones were sequenced. The target sequences obtained were aligned, compared and analyzed to study the mechanism of NA drug resistance and to understand the clinical course of NA therapy from a viral populational genetic point of view.

我们进一步采用国际认可的&金标准&&PCR-克隆-测序-序列分析&的方法，对6例发生临床病毒学突破的患者以及4例未发生临床病毒学突破的患者的全程血清样本进行了准种检测，共测序2100余个，以系统深入地对LAM和ETV治疗过程中HBV种群的演变及其临床意义进行探讨。

In this paper, the influence factors of fly ash activity excitation are investigated, the thermodynamics and chemical reaction kinetics of the pozzolanic reaction are analyzed. The effect of different activators are studied, and the mechanism of excitation is also analyzed.

本文研究了粉煤灰火山灰活性激发的影响因素，并从热力学和动力学的角度对其火山灰反应进行了分析，研究了不同激发剂对其火山灰活性的激发效果，并对其激发机理作了分析。

Firstly, the basic concept of software/hardware co-design and the present research situation worldwide is introduced, the techniques are also discussed separately in the thesis, which is in the system description stage, system architecture design stage, hardware/software design and implementation stage. Secondly, combined with three representative methods of hardware/software co-design systems: POLIS、VULCAN and CORSAIR, the main steps of co-design are studied and analyzed including system description, hardware/software partitioning and hardware/software implementation-synthesis, and some new ideas are given here. Thirdly, UML and modeling technology of embedded systems using UML are described clearly, a handheld terminals is a good example for this, furthermore, the algorithm of how to convert the UML diagram into SystemC codes is mainly concerned on in this thesis. Fourthly, the basic concept of SystemC is described, and the SystemC Modeling platform and simulation mechanism are analyzed, software/hardware co-design methods using SystemC are discussed. Finally, by applying co-design ideas using UML and SystemC, software/hardware co-design system using UML and SystemC is preparatorily implemented, which is to establish a development environment for designing embedded system.

本文首先介绍了软硬件协同设计的基本概念和国内外研究现状，并分别论述了系统描述阶段的技术、系统结构设计阶段的技术、软硬件设计与实现阶段的技术；接着结合POLIS、VULCAN和CORSAIR 三种有代表性的软硬件协同设计方法，对系统描述、软硬件划分、软硬件实现综合等几个主要设计步骤进行了研究与分析，并提出了新的方法和思路；然后详细介绍了UML及基于UML的嵌入式系统建模技术，并以嵌入式手持终端系统来举例说明，重点研究将UML的视图转换成SystemC代码的算法；其次介绍了SystemC的基本概念，分析了SystemC 的建模平台和仿真机制，并对基于SystemC 的软硬件协同设计方法进行探讨；最后应用基于UML和SystemC的软硬件协同设计的设计思路，初步实现基于UML和SystemC的软硬件协同设计的设计系统，目的是建立一个用于嵌入式系统设计的开发环境。

This paper brings forward a network based injection mold development system framework. The system's founder has analyzed the disadvantages of Engineering's conventional exploitation mode of injection mold. It takes the structure of Client/Server which can support collaborative work effectively. And the key technologies of cooperative exchange tools and information share are analyzed. By use of the technology, a prototypal system is set up.

在分析传统注塑模承接式串行开发过程的不足基础上，提出了基于网络的注塑模具协同并行开发系统框架，其采用的基于客户/服务器原理的系统结构可以有效地支持协同工作，并分析了协同交互工具和信息共享等系统关键技术；最后初步实现了注塑模协同设计与仿真服务器端。

For 9 pyrazole compounds,their geometry and electronic structures were analyzed by means of natural bond orbital theory;their reactivity was analyzed by electrostatic potential distributions,heats of formation and Bader density were also calculated.

在最稳定几何构型基础上，基于自然键轨道理论，分析了稳定结构的成键情况和吡唑环上的共轭性；用静电势图分析了吡唑化合物的反应性；理论估算了9种化合物的标准气态生成热和Bader密度；最后采用VLW方程计算了这些化合物的爆速、爆压。

For 9 pyrazole compounds, their geometry and electronic structures were analyzed by means of natural bond orbital theory; their reactivity was analyzed by electrostatic potential distributions, heats of formation and Bader density were also calculated. After that, detonation velocities and Chapman-Jouguet pressures of these compounds were given by means of VLW equation.

在最稳定几何构型基础上，基于自然键轨道理论，分析了稳定结构的成键情况和吡唑环上的共轭性；用静电势图分析了吡唑化合物的反应性；理论估算了9种化合物的标准气态生成热和Bader密度；最后采用VLW方程计算了这些化合物的爆速、爆压。

According to modern enterprise system and the enterprise internal control theory, and based on extensive practical investigation and research, this thesis firstly analyzed product sale managements, financial affairs management, basic condition of organization construction and the existing problems, facing situation. Furthermore it demonstrated that it is imperative that the end product oil sale corporation of CNPC carries out the concentrated and unified business accountings of financial affairs and it brought forward the design of the reforger of varies business flows under the concentrated and unified accounting model of financial affairs. On this foundation, it analyzed the problems such as processing program of supply of final product oil, financial flow of sale commodity, processing program of sale fund final accounts, the recognition of the key of internal control, etc. Finally, some problems, which is worth paying attention to, have been carried on analysis and discussion, such as the control relation of the final product oil sale corp. and distributive corp. of regions and provinces, the balanced equivalent of centralization of state power and division of power, etc. during the course of putting into effect the system of concentrated and unified business accounting of financial affairs.

本论文根据现代企业制度和企业内部控制理论，在广泛实地调研的基础上，分析了中油成品油销售公司的产品销售管理、财务管理、组织结构等的基本状况及其存在的主要问题和面临的形势，论证了中油成品油销售公司实行财务集中统一核算势在必行，并对在财务集中统一核算模式下的各项业务流程再造进行了设计；在此基础上，具体对成品油供应的处理程序、销售商品的账务流程、成品油销售资金结算的处理程序、内部控制关键点的确认等问题进行了有针对性的分析和设计；最后，对在实施财务集中统一核算制度过程中，中油成品油销售公司与各区域、省市分公司的控制关系、集权与分权的平衡等值得注意的问题进行了分析和讨论。

On the base of practical transformer substation main connection, electric components and system circuit model are first formed in the paper; analyze vacuum arc characteristic and medium resume are analyzed, then, according to vacuum chamber physical process of switching AC arc, resume process are divided into three stages: sheath development, neutral particles diffusion and static characteristic, with that, calculating model of medium resume strength is erected and applied in the computing of vacuum circuit breaker interrupting transform overvoltage; In the paper, Saber software is used to simulate a whole switching process; As follows, overvoltage characteristic of vacuum circuit breaker switching no load and load transformers, kinds of influence factors are analyzed in detail; At last, vacuum circuit breaker switching capacitance group overvoltage formative causes and electrode refining for lessening reignition are discuss.

本文针对中低压变电站的实际主接线建立各电气元件及系统的电路模型；在真空电弧的特点及间隙的介质恢复特性上，依据真空断路器灭弧室分断电弧的物理过程，将真空电弧熄灭后的恢复过程分为鞘层发展、中性粒子扩散和静态特性三个阶段，建立了相应的介质恢复强度的计算模型，应用到切除变压器操作过电压的计算中；采用Saber仿真软件模拟计算真空断路器切除变压器操作过电压；并分别对真空断路器切除空载及负载变压器操作过电压的特点与影响操作过电压的各种因素做了详细的分析；最后简要分析了真空断路器开断电容器组过电压的形成原因及为减少重燃的电极老炼措施。

But in practical operating, overvoltage caused by reignition of the vacuum switching device frequently appears, and it result in damage of the capacitor bank or the switchgear itself. Ensuring the switchgear against reignition and installing a protective device are two main approaches to avoid the phenomenon. In this paper, a study on overvoltage caused by reignition due to capacitor bank switching with the vacuum switching device and its preventive measures are carried out. The main work which has been done and researches are as follows: 1. The producing mechanism of overvoltage and its influence factor are analyzed. It is pointed out that single-phase reignition is the main reason for damage of the switchgear and two-phase reignition is the main reason for damage of the capacitor bank,so overvoltage of single-phase reignition and two-phase reignition are the emphases of prevention. 2. Analysis of the special working condition of the operating switch for capacitor bank is carried out. It indicates that the vacuum switching device is difficult to realize no-reignition under this operation condition, so it is more practical to adopt protection devices. 3. Analyses of protection effect of RC and MOA and their shortages are carried out. It shows that the two methods can only restrain effectively overvoltage caused by single-phase reignition, and they cannot protect the capacitor bank when reignition of two-phase occurs. 4. The operation principle of G-R damping device is analyzed and discussed emphatically.

本文针对真空开关投切电容器组时因重燃而产生的过电压及其防治措施进行了研究，所开展的主要工作和研究结果如下： 1、对过电压的产生机理及其影响因素进行了分析，指出单相重燃是导致开关设备损坏的主要原因，而两相重燃则是导致电容器组损坏的主要原因，因此单相重燃和两相重燃过电压是防护的重点； 2、对电容器组操作开关的特殊运行条件进行了分析，指出在这种运行条件真空开关难于实现不重燃，因此采用保护装置更具有现实意义； 3、对RC与MOA的保护效果和存在的不足进行了分析，指出这两种方法均只能有效抑制单相重燃过电压，而不能在发生两相重燃时保护电容器组； 4、重点对G-R阻尼装置的工作原理进行了分析和讨论，指出该装置接入后线路中将会出现两种频率的高频振荡，而电容器组上的过电压是由这两种振荡共同决定的； 5、根据对上述两种振荡的分析指出存在一个最佳电阻值使得过电压最低，并提出了电容器组电压和最佳电阻值的近似求解方法； 6、使用电气暂态分析软件MATLAB对G-R装置的保护效果进行了仿真计算，证实该装置确实可以有效抑制重燃时的电容器组过电压； 7、根据仿真与近似计算结果的偏差提出了近似计算的修正方法，经过修正后的过电压计算结果与仿真结果吻合较好； 8、对G-R装置中放电装置G与阻尼电阻R的要求进行了分析，指出采用编织电阻和真空间隙可能是最佳选择。

At first this paper has basically analyzed the market of the tobacco industry, and analyzed several basic environmental factors influencing the cigarettes saleroom: income level, population, festivals and holidays, etc.

本文首先对烟草业做了初步的市场分析，分析了影响卷烟销售的几个基本环境因素：经济收入水平、人口、节假日等。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。