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Focusing on the interaction among the screws,the paper analyzed the current method of determining propulsive factor based on ship s self-propulsion test with three-screw and presented a new method to test and analyzed propulsive factor of ship with multi-screw.

针对多桨船螺旋桨间互相干扰的影响，通过对三桨船自航试验推进因子分析方法进行分析探讨，提出新的三桨及以上的多桨船船模自航试验方法和其推进因子分析方法。

Three kinds of cutting material were selected to machine stainless steel machining experiment such as ceramic cutting tools, cermets cutting tools and coated carbide cutting tools, in which the best range of each kind of tool material was founded. For example, LT55 was suitable to be machine lCrl8Ni9Ti as the cutting speed surpasses 120m/min and have a good wearable property.(3) Surface roughness was measured under different cutting conditions. Feed rate played the most important role in impacting surface roughness, and then cutting speed.(4) Chip patterns in different cutting speed with various cutting materials were analyzed. With the increase of turning speed, chip became shorter and was easy to be broken. For instance, serration chip appeared in high sped turning stainless steel with LT55;(5) Work hardening of austenitic stainless steel was analyzed.

陶瓷刀具LT55适合在Vc=120m/min以上切削加工不锈钢，耐磨性好；③通过试验研究了不同刀具材料高速车削加工1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢时的表面粗糙度，其中进给量对表面粗糙度的影响最为显著，其次为切削速度；④分析了不同刀具材料在不同切削速度下加工1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的切屑形态，随着车削速度的提高，切屑变短且易断屑，其中LT55陶瓷刀具切削加工时产生了锯齿状切屑；⑤分析了奥氏体不锈钢的加工硬化机理及其对刀具磨损的影响；⑥根据试验结果分析在不同切削条件下切削不锈钢的刀具磨损形式及其磨损机理。

In view of the questions in theoretic analysis and numerical simulation with the finite element method,the separation criterion of chips, the surface contact, the setting of friction coefficient,and the thermal stress coupling are researched. A simulation example is presented by applying the finite element analysis software-ANSYS,and the change of stress and strain in metal cutting process, the forming of shear plane and the influence of the temperature field on metal cutting are analyzed. The tool's strength is also analyzed.

基于理论分析和实际有限元数值模拟计算中遇到的问题，研究、讨论了切屑分离标准、表面接触、摩擦系数的设定、切屑与工件之间的连接以及热应力耦合分析等各项技术，并应用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS，具体分析了金属切削过程中应力和应变的变化、剪切面的形成以及温度场对金属切削的影响，并依此对刀具作强度分析，得到若干结论。

This thesis also analyzed and summarized the characteristics of the goal system of school physical education in three stages.This thesis also analyzed and summarized the characteristics of the goal system of school physical education in our country. The emphasized part of the school physical education goals altered instantly. The goals of school physical education have been affected by non-educational factors such as competitive sports, subject-center theory, multi-way and multi-layer of school physical education development as well as educational reformation and educational ideas.In this thesis, the existing problems in goal system of school physical education of our country that was pointed out that: The shortage, solecism and the confused expression of theoretical school physical education researches.

我国学校体育目标体系的发展过程分"文革"前、"文革"时期和改革开放以来三个阶段，每个阶段学校体育目标体系各有特点：建国初期，学生的健康问题受到高度重视，增强体质被当作政治任务来要求；"文革"中，学校体育目标被极端政治化；改革开放以来，"增强学生体质"被当作学校体育的首要任务和评价标准，学校体育目标体系逐渐有了层次性区分，内容空洞的现象有所改善，学校体育目标体系的视角拓宽，学生个人需要受到重视，逐渐突出健康目标，重视测试与评估，与此同时，学校体育也受到了竞技体育发展的强烈影响。

The main study areas are as follows: 1 The landscape classification system of the urban-rural ecotone is set up based on the studying on land-use type of urban area and rural area, and then it is used to establish a regional landscape data warehouse for deposition, modification and management; 2 A group of landscape structure and pattern indices and patch area spectrum analysis methods are used to describe the structural and heterogeneous characters of all the landscape elements from different aspects; 3 The temporal and spatial difference of the landscape pattern of main road belts of the research area are also analyzed with the same method. Their basic process and regularity of urban axial expanding of the southwestward of Shanghai City are initially knewn well; 4 According to the traits of the ecotone, the principles and basis of vegetation classification, the ecotone vegetation classification system is set up, its species constitute, community patch characters, the relationship between vegetation types and landscape categories are analyzed, meanwhile, the vegetation sample maps are made; 5 Based on above studies, some landscape ecological stratedies within the research area were discussed. The following are the results of this study

城乡交错带地区的景观分类，在对城市地区和农村地区的土地利用类型研究的基础上建立了城乡交错带的分类体系，并在此基础上用ARC＼INFO软件分时段、分区、分要素建立研究区的景观图形数据库，对数据进行存储、修改和管理；2）利用多种景观结构、格局指数和斑块面积谱分析方法，从不同的侧面对各种景观组分的结构以及区域的景观格局特征进行了分析，并对其成因进行了探讨；3）利用相同的分析方法，分析了城乡交错带中的城市干道两侧的景观格局特征的空间和时间分异情况，初步掌握上海城市西南轴向扩张的基本过程和规律；4）对城乡交错带中非独立的景观要素-植被，研究其遥感图象信息的基本特征，建立适合区域特点的植被分类体系，并在样区中建立了植被图形数据库和计算机制图，分析了植被景观种类组成、斑块等级等特征以及与不同景观的相互关系；5）在上述研究的基础上，对研究区内的景观生态对策进行了研究。

Then the propagation of an arbitrary nonideal optical beam is analyzed. In terms of the moment theorem, the performance of modes of BOR is analyzed from both points of view of geometry optics and diffractive optics. Comparing BOR with the resonators using plane mirror and spherical mirror or using plane mirror and aspherical mirror by finite element method, the design procedure for BOR is gave.

然后以衍射的角谱理论为基础，用矩量定理讨论了任意光束的传播规律，从几何光学和衍射光学的角度完整地分析了二元光学谐振腔的模式特征，用有限元方法数值对二元光学谐振腔、非球面腔和球面腔进行衍射分析，比较了三种腔型的差异，给出了二元光学谐振腔的设计方法。

Secondly, method of Taylor series is used to approximate the slow manifold and the O approximation of the slow manifold is given; slow dynamics such as saddle node bifurcation which has been proven to be the same as that for the full system is analyzed; at the same time, fast dynamics including bifurcation conditions and domain of attractor of the stable equilibrium are also analyzed; the attracting region which consists of the stable manifold of the unstable equilibrium and stable equilibrium is given; we found that when the inner flux decay increases, the domain of attractor is enlarged.

首先，给出了电力系统SMIB模型的时间尺度分解，得到标准的奇异摄动模型；其次，利用幂级数方法，给出了慢流形的O近似M〓，分析了在慢流形M〓上的慢动态，得到了慢子系统的鞍结分支值，并证明此分支值与原系统的鞍结分支值相同；分析了快子系统的平衡点和全局分支的存在条件，给出由不稳定平衡点的稳定流形与稳定平衡点形成的吸引域；并研究内部电压对稳定域的影响，发现稳定域随内部电压增加而扩大；最后给出整个系统的稳定平衡点的近似吸引域。

In the aspect of the study of the application of HHT method, This dissertation has done three part of jobs: first, the Elcentro strong ground motion which is in common use in earhtquake engineering is analyzed by HHT method, getting its amplitude-frequency-time distribution and the comparison between the HHT marginal spectrum and Fourier spectrum is also made; second, the typical nonlinear system defined by the Duffing equation is analyzed by HHT method, getting its numerical value's amplitude-frequency-time distribution and the comparison between the HHT marginal spectrum and Fourier spectrum is also made; third, define the stationary degree of non-stationary signals making use of 3-D time-frequency spectrum and marginal spectrum, the stationary degree curve of Elcentro seismic recording is protracted according to its defining formula, the stationary degree curve of Elcentro seismic recording which change with time is protracted according to similiar definition.

在HHT方法的应用研究方面，本文做了三部分的工作：首先，利用HHT方法分析了地震工程中常用的Elcentro非平稳强震记录，得到了该记录的振幅－频率－时间分布特性，并将得到的边际谱与傅立叶谱做了比较；其次，应用HHT方法分析了典型的非线性系统－Duffing方程，得到了该方程数值解的振幅－频率－时间分布特性，并将得到的边际谱与傅立叶谱做了比较；最后，利用三维时频谱与边际谱定义了非平稳信号的平稳度，并依照其定义式绘制了Elcentro地震波记录的平稳度曲线，依照类似与依赖与频率变化的平稳度定义，初步尝试编程绘制了Elcentro地震波随时间变化的平稳度曲线。

The main content of this thesis is as follows: 1The structures of EPS are analyzed. The main components of EPS are introduced in detail. Then the distributed torque in EPS is analyzed and the control system model is set up. 2Three control modes are discussed and the control strategy of EPS is studied in detail. Three principal modules in the control strategy are discussed—the predicted module which predicts motor rotational speed and steering rotational speed, the power-assistant module and the return control module. 3The assistant torque curves of the motor are designed by using the B-spline, so that any kind of custom-built assistant torque curves can be designed according to different kinds of automobiles. 4The hardware frame of EPS is studied. The developed controller based on 8-bit MCU MC68HC908MR8 is introduced and many related circuit units are designed, including the control circuit, the driver control circuit and so on. The software structure is discussed, then the steering control program flowchart is given.

本文的主要工作有： 1分析了EPS 的总体构成，对EPS 的各个部件作了详细的介绍，并在此基础上分析了EPS 的受力情况，建立了控制系统模型，并研究了EPS 的安全性能； 2讨论了EPS 的三种控制方式，提出了控制策略，并讨论了其中三个关键模块的作用：预估模块包括对电机转速和方向盘角速度的预估，助力控制模块以及回正模块； 3用B 样条插值方法进行EPS 助力曲线的设计，可按照用户的要求设计任意形状的助力曲线，以满足不同车型和不同用户的要求； 4研究了控制系统的硬件结构，以MC68HC908MR8 为核心设计了控制器，详细讨论了控制器的控制电路、驱动电路等；设计了控制系统的软件，给出了控制程序流程图，并对要点进行了详细的说明。

In order to study the stability of stratified rock slope in Zhu-Cheng road and its reinforcement method, the potential deformation and slipping mechanism of slope were analyzed using insitu-investigation and stereographic projection analysis method. The numerical calculation model for stratified rock slope was founded with UDEC software. The deformation of rock mass was analyzed in the excavation procedure, and the long-short compound bolt reinforcement structure was proposed according to the deformation failure mode of stratified rock slope.

摘 要：为了研究竹城公路层状岩质边坡的稳定性及防治措施，通过现场调查和赤平投影分析边坡潜在变形滑动机理；利用UDEC软件建立层状边坡数值计算模型，分析开挖过程中岩土体的变形情况；根据变形破坏模式提出层状岩质边坡的长短锚杆交替复合支护结构。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。