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In this paper, the disadvantage effects that products bring to environment are analyzed firstly, and then the concept, history, actuality and developing trend is introduced, and the relationship of green design and traditional design is analyzed. On this basis, the design methods and flow are summarized, and the green packing design is analyzed and discussed detailed, and the evaluating method of life circle and disfigurements and problem in its running process are discussed. At last, a mobile phone design is illustrated in this paper.

本论文首先分析了产品对环境的不利影响；接着介绍了绿色设计的概念、历史、现状和发展趋势，分析了绿色设计与传统设计的关系；在此基础上，总结了绿色设计的主要方法和具体流程；然后，对当前绿色设计中容易被忽视的绿色包装设计进行了详细的分析和探讨；接着对绿色设计的生命周期评价方法及其运用过程中的缺陷和问题进行了讨论；最后，本论文以手机为实例进行了绿色设计实践。

In this article, the effect of matrix on the intensity of RRS is analyzed theoretically based on the matrix negative absorption effect; the effect of pH is analyzed based on the conditional stability constant which is assayed by spectrophotometry; and MG and CV are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively through detecting the intensity of RRS by the fluorescence spectrophotometer synchronously scanning.

本文采用负吸收效应，从理论上对体系基体的作用进行分析；采用紫外-可见分光光度计测定吸收光强度，求出缔合物的条件稳定常数，对体系酸效应进行分析；采用荧光分光光度计测定共振瑞利散射强度，对孔雀石绿和结晶紫进行定性、定量分析。

The validities of amplitude features and their extraction method suitable in high-frequency SAR image are analyzed when they are used in UWB SAR image. An extraction approach of amplitude feature based on target contour is presented, and the corresponding effective amplitude features are proposed. The old dihedral angle model is analyzed and improved. The approach of azimuthal feature extraction is proposed based on the conclusion of the improved dihedral angle model. The problems, which appear when the common change detection methods are used to extract the change feature based on ROI, are analyzed. And a robust and feasible extraction approach is presented.

分析了适于高频SAR图像的幅度特征及其提取方法用于UWB SAR图像时的有效性，提出了基于目标轮廓的幅度特征提取方法及相应的适用幅度特征；分析了已有二面角模型在建模过程中存在的问题并进行了改进建模，基于改进二面角模型结论提出了方位向特征提取方法；分析了常用变化检测方法用于提取ROI变化特征时存在的问题，提出了一种稳健可行的变化特征提取方法。

The main work can be summed up as follows: Firstly, we studied the thermal-field properties of VCSELs, and analyzed the influences of current spreading, material parameters and operating conditions on the temperature distributions. Secondly, we began with the electrode voltage and calculated the equipotential s distributions, compared the distributions of voltages and current densities in different depths of VCSELs, and then studied the influences of the oxide-confining region with different position or thickness, and the different sizes of the gain-guided aperture and emitting window on the distributions of the injected current density, carrier concentration and temperature in the active region. Thirdly, we realized the coupling of electricity, optical and thermal-fields, worked out the threshold voltage, calculated the distributions of the injected current density, carrier concentration and temperature under different offset voltages, and analyzed the impacts of temperature profile and carrier density on the refractive index, Fermi levels and optical-field. Finally, we gave the equipotential line distributions with considering N-DBR and double oxidized-confining regions, and analyzed theinfluences of N-DBR and double oxide-confining regions on the distributions of the current density, carrier concentration, temperature and optical-field.

具体工作可以概括如下：首先，研究了VCSEL的热场特性，分析了电流扩展，材料参数和工作条件对于温度分布的影响；其次，从电极电压入手，计算出激光器中的等势线分布，并对不同深度处的电压和电流分布进行比较，研究了高阻区的不同位置和不同厚度、限制层和出射窗口半径的大小对电流密度、载流子浓度和温度分布的影响；再次，实现了电、光、热耦合，求出了阈值电压，计算了不同偏置电压下的电流密度分布、载流子浓度分布和热场分布，分析了温度和载流子浓度变化对折射率、费米能级和光场的影响；最后，给出了考虑N-DBR和双氧化限制层时激光器中的等势线分布，分析了N-DBR和双氧化限制层对VCSEL电流密度、载流子浓度、温度和光场分布的影响。

Firstly, the background and the significant of the research is discussed, modern software engineering and its development is also outlined, and the present states and the reason of using the modern software engineering in power systems are also analyzed. Secondly, related theories and methods of the modern software engineering are systematically given in details, which establish the basis of the software development with the software engineering in power systems. Thirdly, the necessity of the developed power system software with the software engineering is analyzed deeply and the key techniques in carrying out the software development with the software engineering are discussed. Based on these, a concrete approach about the software development with the software engineering is proposed. And then, the software design process of 'GPS synchronous monitoring system of Hunan power grid'is given to demonstrate the utilization of the approach proposed. Subsequently, quality and efficiency of the software is analyzed, which indicates the validity of the method used. At last, the main work and fruitage of the thesis is concluded, and the further research is also pointed out.

论文首先论述了课题研究的背景和意义，概述了现代软件工程及其发展，分析了现代软件工程在电力系统中的应用现状及其原因；然后系统地阐述了现代软件工程的相关理论和方法，奠定了电力系统软件工程化开发的理论基础；接着分析了电力系统软件工程化开发的必要性，探讨了实施工程化开发涉及到的关键技术，结合现代软件工程的理论和方法，提出了一种电力系统软件工程化开发的具体方法；之后以湖南电力系统状态GPS 同步监测系统软件的开发为例，详细地阐述了该工程化方法在电力系统软件开发中的具体实践过程，并分析了软件开发的结果，指出了该方法是解决软件开发质量和效率问题的有效途径；论文最后对主要工作和成果进行了总结，并指出了有待进一步开展的工作。

The action mechanism of the stun gun is analyzed in detail and the scheme design of the stun gun system is completed. With the SolidWorks software, three-dimensional model of the system has been constructed. The characteristics of the interior ballistics of the proposed scheme of stun gun are analyzed and the corresponding interior ballistics model is proposed. The numerical computation of the interior ballistics is also conducted. According to the functions of the electrical module ,the circuit is designed and the security and reliability of the system is analyzed. At last, the test scheme of the system is proposed and some experiments are carried out which validate the feasibility of the designed system.

论文中分析了电击枪的机理，完成了系统方案的设计；用SolidWorks软件建立了三维实体模型，分析了所提方案电击枪的内弹道的特点，建立相应的数学物理模型，并进行了内弹道分析计算；根据电子模块所要实现的功能设计了硬件电路；对设计的方案进行了安全性和可靠性的分析，最后拟定了试验的方案并进行了试验研究，验证了设计方案的可行性。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows:①reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept "sustainable development", stated and commented the study status in queue on"sustainable development"around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept "sustainable development";②looked back and commented across-the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings;③expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory;④thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the MATLAB software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the B-J method and Morte-Carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources;⑤synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming, mathematical statistics, random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality;⑥analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows: correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows: the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water-saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology;⑦scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy;⑧point out the more directions on groundwater resources.

它将为制定水资源的可持续发展目标和战略决策提供科学依据，为制定社会、经济可持续发展战略提供理论基础。基于以上考虑，论文主要从以下几方面对地下水资源可持续开发问题进行了比较深入的探讨：①全面回顾了"可持续发展"概念的由来与演变，对国内外"可持续发展"的研究现状进行了述评，并对"可持续发展"概念的科学内涵进行了深入探讨；②对涉及地下水资源的一些最基本的概念和命题进行了全面的回顾和评述，对目前仍然存在的一些错误观点和混乱认识提出了自己的见解；③全面阐述了地下水资源变值系统理论的内容和意义，并与传统的地下水资源计算评价方法进行了对比分析，结合实例具体说明了方法的应用；④深入分析了地下水资源预测预报工作的极端重要性和复杂性，对传统的地下水资源动态预测方法进行了全面的评述，指出了各类预测预报方法的特点及适用条件，对最近二十多年刚发展起来的小波分析技术的主要思想和方法及其应用范围，以及号称第五代计算机语言的MATLAB软件和附带的小波分析工具箱进行了介绍，并应用于地下水动态过程线的分析，采用时间序列中的B-J法，蒙特卡罗方法，与地下水资源变值系统理论相结合，探讨了地下水动态资料分析和地下水资源预测预报的新思路；⑤综合分析了现今各类地下水管理模型的特点及缺陷，将数学规划、数理统计、随机过程等与地下水变值系统理论相结合进行地表水地下水或多水源的联合优化调度，使模型更准确、更实用；⑥对保证地下水资源可持续开发的内部条件和外部条件进行了分析，内部条件主要是正确的资源观，科学的资源计算与评价方法，可靠的资源预测预报技术，可操作的资源管理措施，外部条件主要是高层发展思路、管理体制的变革、配套的政策法规、经济杠杆的调节、人文素质的提高、节水意识的增强及具体节水措施、人口增长的控制、水体污染的防治、生态的恢复和重建等；⑦从宇宙科学、地球系统科学及哲学的高度审视地下水资源的可持续开发；⑧指出了地下水资源可持续开发的进一步研究方向。

The study methods: Based on digital printing and offset printing technology principle, the basic parameters having effect on the ink-jet printing output quality were analyzed. And the mathematics models between the ink quantity and the solid density, and the relation between the gamma and printing contrast were established. The relation among the output dot area coverage, the original dot area coverage and the dot-gain percent was analyzed. And the mathematics models of printing characteristics curves and dot-gain curves were established. The factors influencing the dot-gain were analyzed, and then the dot-gain compensation function was acquired. All the models were verified by the method of regression analysis. And the precisions of the models were obtained by the correlation coefficient and multiple correlation coefficients.

研究方法：根据数码印刷以及胶版印刷的工艺原理，分析了影响喷墨印刷输出质量的基本参数，建立墨量与样张实地密度、γ与相对反差的数学模型；分析输出网点面积率、标定网点面积率以及网点扩大率三者之间的关系，建立网点扩大曲线和印刷阶调复制曲线的数学模型，并对网点扩大的影响因素进行了分析，导出了网点扩大补偿函数；运用回归分析方法分析模型，并用相关系数和复相关系数检验回归模型的显著性；使用灰平衡方程，结合回归法得出灰平衡控制曲线。

In this topic, the dynamic analysis methods for piezoelectric vibrator are studied systematically based on the theoretical model, FEM numerical experimentation and FEM governing equation for given compound-mode vibrator, and some valuable conclusions are obtained. The main work accomplished is summarized as follows: 1.Elaborate the main modeling methods for piezoelectric vibrator and the significance and necessity to study the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator which emphasize the urgency of this paper. 2.Take the bending deformation induced by piezoelectric ceramic as example, the energy transfer mechanism of electric energy to mechanical energy are analyzed; the motion and force transfer mechanism are analyzed for the longitudinal-bending vibrator. 3.Based on mode assumption and Hamilton principle, the coupling model of piezoelectric vibrator of linear USM is built; moreover, the equivalent circuit model is obtained and a coupling equation represents the relation between electric parameters and mechanical parameters is derived which provides foundation to match the vibrator and driving circuit. 4.Combine the constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic with elastic-dynamical equation, geometric equation in force field and the Maxwell equation in electric field and the corresponding boundary condition equation, the FEM control equation for piezoelectric vibrator of USM to solve dynamic electro-mechanical coupling field is established by employing the principle of virtual displacement. The equation lays the foundation to study the non-linear constitutive equation of piezoelectric ceramic driven by high-power. 5.Define the dynamic indexes of characteristic of vibrator and carry out variable parameters simulation by calculating the model parameters and the electric characteristics of vibrator are simulated according to the equivalent circuit model. By numerical experimentation, the working mode of vibration of vibrator and the shock excitation results of the working frequency band which provides the mode frequency to realize bimodal are analyzed. Detailed calculation of the electro-mechanical coupling field parameters is made by programming the FEM control equation.

本课题从理论模型、有限元数值试验、有限元控制模型等方面以复合振动模式振子为例对超声电机压电振子的动力学特性及其分析方法进行了全面系统地研究，得出了许多有价值的结论，主要概括如下： 1、阐述了目前针对超声电机压电振子的主要建模方法，对压电振子动态特性的研究意义和必要性进行了论述，突出了本文研究内容的迫切性； 2、以压电陶瓷诱发弹性体发生弯曲变形为例，分析了压电陶瓷通过诱发应变来实现机电能量转换的机理；对基于纵弯模式的压电振子的运动及动力传递机理进行了分析； 3、基于模态假定，利用分析动力学的Hamilton原理，建立了面向直线超声电机压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型，并据此建立了压电振子的等效电路模型，导出了电参量与动力学特性参量的耦合方程，为压电振子与驱动电路的匹配提供了依据； 4、从压电陶瓷的本构方程出发，综合力场的弹性动力学方程、几何方程、电场的麦克斯韦方程以及相应的边界条件方程，采用虚位移原理，建立了压电振子动态问题机电耦合场求解的有限元控制方程，为研究其大功率驱动下的非线性本构模型奠定了基础； 5、界定压电振子的动力学特性指标，对压电振子的机电耦合动力学模型参数进行计算及变参数仿真；依据等效电路模型，对压电振子的电学特性进行了仿真分析；通过有限元数值实验，对压电振子工作模态附近的模态振型及工作频率附近的频段进行了激振效果分析，找出了实现模态简并的激振频率；利用有限元控制方程，通过编程计算，对压电振子的力电耦合场参数进行了详细计算，得出了一些有价值的结论。

Analyzed temperatures distribute during roughing roll and the effect of rolling parameter to draught pressure,analyzed the effect of rolling parameter to railhead and extension of heavy rail. At last,the research analyzed metal point's flow characteristic and revealed deforming regularity of heavy rail.

分析了在粗轧过程中温度场的分布以及轧制过程中轧制参数对轧制力的影响规律，分析了轧制参数对轨头、轨底宽展的影响规律，最后还分析了金属质点流动特性，揭示了重轨的变形规律。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。