查询词典 analog signals

A method of processing a series of input audio signals representing a series of virtual audio sound sources placed at predetermined positions around a listener to produce a reduced set of audio output signals for playback over speaker devices placed around a listener, the method comprising the steps of: for each of the input audio signals and for each of the audio output signals: convolving the input audio signals with an initial head portion of a corresponding impulse response mapping substantially the initial sound and early reflections for an impulse response of a corresponding virtual audio source to a corresponding speaker device so as to form a series of initial responses; for each of the input audio signals and for each of the audio output signals: forming a combined mix from the audio input signals; and forming a combined convolution tail from the tails of the corresponding impulse responses; convolving the combined mix with the combined convolution tail to form a combined tail response;for each of the audio output signals: combining a corresponding series of initial responses and a corresponding combined tail response to form the audio output signal.

提供了一种处理一系列输入音频信号的方法，所述输入音频信号代表放置在收听者周围预定位置的一系列虚拟的音频声源，该方法可以产生一组精简的用于在收听者周围的扬声器装置上进行播放的音频输出信号，该方法包括以下步骤：对每个输入音频信号和每个输出音频信号进行以下步骤：用相应的脉冲响应最初的头部对输入音频信号进行卷积以形成一系列初始响应，其中的脉冲响应充分映射了相应的虚拟声源到相应的扬声器装置的脉冲响应的初始声音和早期反射；对每个输入音频信号和每个输出音频信号进行以下步骤：形成音频输入信号的混音；并根据对应脉冲响应的多个尾部形成复合的卷积尾；用复合的卷积尾对音频信号的混音进行卷积以形成复合尾部响应；对每个音频输入信号进行以下步骤：把相应系列的初始响应与相应的复合尾部响应进行复合以形成音频输出信号。

The main job and contribution of this paper are as follows:Based on narrowband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, compute the cross-correlation function of FH signals from multichannels, then we get the cross power spectral density matrixCSDM Secondly, select the hops of FH signals from the CSDM via processing and analyzing the CSDM, meanwhile reduce the influence coming from noise, fixed frequency signal and other interferences; Lastly, estimating the DOA of every hop and according to the DOA, we can separate the hops, get the number of FH signals and their parameters. Propose a new method for designing the threshold in FH signal detection. This method makes it easy to get the threshold by theoretic computing and it can extremely reduce the interference of non-FH signals.Based on broadband signal processing, we propose a new method for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation. Firstly, get the DOA of the signals by wideband spatial spectrum estimation; secondly, separate the signals by spatial filtering using wideband beamformer; Lastly, we propose two methods for FH signal blind detection and blind parameter estimation, one is for several constant hop-rate FH signals whose dwell-time are different and another is for a single FH signal whose hop-rate is alterable.By employing spatial interpolation in broadband signal beamforming, it can reduce the number of antenna elements and corresponding RF modules, A/D converters, etc. It can also eliminate the mutual coupling between antenna elements while getting the narrower main beamwidth and lower sidelobe level.

本文的主要研究工作和贡献如下：●提出了一种基于窄带处理的FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先求出多路信号之间的互相关，进而得到互功率谱密度矩阵，然后通过对CSDM进行对折处理来抑制噪声、定频信号及其他干扰的影响，并将所有属于FH信号的hop(每一跳的驻留时间在时频图上持续的线段)从CSDM中筛选出来，最后用阵列信号处理中的到达方向估计理论在频域中估计出各个hop的方向参数，利用方位信息完成FH信号分离并得到FH信号的数目及其各自的参数集；●提出了一种确定FH信号检测门限的策略，该策略不仅使得检测门限能够通过理论计算得到，而且还显著地抑制了非跳频信号的干扰，从而能有效地检测出FH信号；●提出了一种基于宽带处理的短波FH信号盲检测和参数盲估计的实现方法，即首先利用宽带空间谱测向技术得到接收信号的DOA，然后采用宽带波束形成技术对特定方向进行空间滤波，实现多个信号的分离，最后分别提出了两种FH信号的盲检测和参数盲估计方法，第一种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上存在着几个驻留时间不同的恒跳速FH信号和其他干扰信号的混合信号，第二种方法适用于空间某个特定方向上仅含一个可变跳速的FH信号和噪声的混合信号；●将空间插值的概念和宽带波束形成技术结合起来，提出了一种基于频域处理的宽带恒定束宽的波束形成方法。

The circuit comprises a comparison circuit, a negation gate and a first coincidence gate, wherein the comparison circuit is used to output read screen signals of a storage unit corresponding with bus signals of a second port address, the negation gate is used to inverse the read screen signals of the storage unit which are corresponding with the bus signals of the second port address, one input end of the first coincidence gate receives the read screen signals of the storage unit which are corresponding with the bus signals of the second port address after being inversed, the other input end of the first coincidence gate receives the read enable signals of a second port, and the output end of the first coincidence gate is connected with the read enable end of the second port.

所述电路包括：比较电路，用于输出第二端口地址总线信号对应的存储单元读屏蔽信号；非门，用于对第二端口地址总线信号对应的存储单元读屏蔽信号进行非运算；第一与门，第一与门的一路输入端接收非运算后的第二端口地址总线信号对应的存储单元读屏蔽信号，第一与门的另一路输入端接收第二端口的读使能信号，第一与门的输出端连接第二端口的读使能端。

It is a network terminal which is connected with digital television; it is used for transforming digital signals to analog signals. After decoding the digital constringent video and audio signals, it will engender analog video and audio signals. Consequently, it can provide high quality television program for audiences.

它是一种与电视机连接的网络终端设备，用于将数字电视信号转换成模拟信号，它通过对数字化压缩的图像声音信号进行解码还原，产生模拟视频和声音信号，以提供给观众高质量的电视节目。

along with the development of digital technology,digital filters are widely used in many fields,this paper introduces how to design a iir digital notch filters in matlab environment.the design of digital notch filters can be achieved through three steps:firstly,the design of analog lowpass filter; secondly,it is analog lowpass to analog band stop filter conversion;at last,using the bilinear transformation make the analog notch filters change into digital notch filters.the paper also introduces how to design the transfer function of the digital notch filters using all the zeros and farthest points at the same time,it also introduces the program of the digital notch filters under butterworth analog lowpass prototype.

摘 要：随着数字技术的发展，数字滤波器在许多领域得到广泛的应用。研究一种在matlab语言环境下设计iir数字陷波滤波器的方法，在数字陷波滤波器设计过程中，先进行模拟低通滤波器的设计，然后进行模拟低通/模拟带阻滤波器转换，最后采用双线性变化法将模拟陷波滤波器转化成数字陷波滤波器。提出一种用所有零点和极点来表达数字陷波器传递函数的方法，同时给出以巴特沃斯模拟低通为原型设计数字陷波滤波器的程序。关键词：无限冲激响应；巴特沃斯滤波器；数字陷波滤波器；matlab；双线性变换

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The method comprises the steps of: constructing a testing system which inputs digital codes and outputs simulated values of the analog-digital converter; obtaining a comparison table which is output through inputting responded simulated values of different digital codes from 0 to 2N-1 of the analog-digital converter; calculating to obtain an integration non-linear error comparison table corresponding to different digital code input of the analog-digital converter; compensating integration non-linear errors of the analog-digital converter through a hardware compensating method of adding a subtracter; and obtaining accurate analog-digital converter output.

搭建数模转换器的数字码输入-模拟值输出的测试系统；获得数模转换器从0到2 N -1的不同数字码输入响应的模拟值输出的对照表；计算得到数模转换器相应于不同数字码输入的积分非线性误差的对照表；通过加入减法器的硬件补偿方法，补偿数模转换器的积分非线性误差，获得准确的数模转换器输出。

To solve the exsisting problems in the realization of the LFM/CW radar, the thesis presents a technique for dynamically measuring the LFM/CW signals, which can accomplish the dynamic measurements of FM linearity, FM bandwidth and FM slop of the transmitted signals of LFM/CW radars. This technique creates an effective and accurate means of judging the performance of LFMCW radars. The linearity-correction techniques presented in the thesis successfully make the linearity of the transmitted signals of an actual LFM/CW radar reduce from approximately 25% to 0. 1%(or r. m. s linearity of 0.04%), better than the best results (0.22%) obtained by foreign researchers with complex linearization closed-loop in the same kind of LFM/CW radars, according to the published literatures during the last decade. In order to improve the capability of the real-time processing and range-cells management of LFM/CW radars, the principle of equivalent mixing by lacking-sampling process of band-pass real signals is proposed based on the well-proved improvedversion of sampling theorem of band-pass real signals. This principle is used to configure the range-segments processing of the beat signals of an actual LFM/CW radar. The techniques of system-background interference suppression and the beat signal's dynamic range suppression are proposed, and are realized in an actual LFM/CW radar to demonstrate their effectiveness.

针对线性调频连续波雷达实现中急待解决的技术问题，文中提出并验证了线性调频连续波信号的综合动态测试技术，可以完成对线性调频连续波雷达发射信号的扫频线性度、扫频带宽和扫频斜率的综合动态测试，为衡量实际线性调频连续波雷达的系统性能创立了精确有效的测试手段；文中建立的非实时闭环动态校正技术使一部实际的线性调频连续波雷达的发射信号（时带积3×10〓）的扫频线性度从25%改善为0.1%（方均根线性度0.04%），优于国外已公布的80年代同类雷达中采用复杂的实时闭环动态校正环路所获得的实际结果（0.22%）；为了改善线性调频连续波雷达的实时性和分辨单元数处理能力，文中发展完善了实带通信号的采样定理并给予了严格证明，并在此基础上提出了欠采样等效混频原理，将其应用于实际线性调频连续波雷达的距离分段处理中；针对线性调频连续波雷达中系统背景干扰和回波动态范围问题，创立了系统背景综合抑制技术和频域动态范围压缩技术，并将它应用于实孔线性调频连续波雷达系统中，显示出它们的有效性。

We use a bulb for heating and with the help of double-direction controllable silicon that controlled the calefaction value, and then detected by temperature sensor, the input signals are amplified and analog signals are transformed to digital signals. Finally the signals reach single-chip. Then single-chip compare the value of preliminary temperature with ones of pragmatic temperature, and modulate to operate.

主要采用的是光源加热，由双向可控硅控制其加热量的大小，由温度传感器检测现场温度，该信号经过放大及A/D转换后进入单片机，单片机将设定的温度值与实际检测到的值进行比较运算，并输出。

The system can test three kinds of signals such as analog signals, clock signals and pulse signals.

本文根据PMN设备的PCB测试要求，实现了基于单片机和FPGA的PMN设备测试系统。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。