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M and RCC concrete below the elevation and with an upstream conventional concrete slab structure for impermeabilization,the authors develop an inhomogeneous multi laminate media element model for seepage analysis of RCC dams based on the research of the numerical procedure of nodal virtual flux and the technique of draining substructure for drainage holes.

基于长江三峡大坝碾压混凝土方案左厂房 12号坝段上部为常态混凝土、下部为上下游面均设有常态混凝土的防渗结构型式的碾压混凝土坝的特点，借助于渗流场求解的结点虚流量法及排水子结构技术，并提出&排水孔开关器&的概念和渗流非均质成层材料单元模型，对坝中设计时存在的主要渗流疑虑问题、大坝的防渗与排水设施渗控方案的特性进行了数值分析研究。

Particles from burning of incense, rice stalk, cigarettes, generator, and diesel engines were collected by an impactor (Harvard Impactor 2.5) and an impinger (AGI-30). ED-XRF and ICP-MS were used to measure particle element component on filters and in suspension, respectively.

本研究以二种不同之采样方式，包括Harvard Impactor PM2.5冲击器及AGI-30冲击瓶（Harvard Impactor及Impinger）分别采集数种特定污染源所产生之微粒（PM2.5），并以ED-XRF及ICP-MS分别分析滤纸及悬浮液中微粒之元素组成。

Methods A wet hip joint's sample from corpse was scaned by CT and all images of every cross-section hip joint's layer was obtained, and an hip joint's model was contructed with Unigraphics NX 2.0 and Solid Works 2006 SP 0.0 software. The models were assembled when simulated total hip arthroplasty after total hip joint prosthetic and ischiofemoral ligament model had been constructured. Analysis was done on von Mises stress distribution and amount of total hip component when simulated seated leg-crossing manuver. The bone and metal components were meshed as rigid bodies, composed of three-dimensional, all-quadrilateral rigid body elements, and hip joint capsule ligament was fully three-dimensional, hexahedral continuum elements representations. Results The current form of this ischiofemoral ligament's reconstruction finite element model provided for multi-body contact, large displacement interfacial sliding, large deformation capsule ligament representation, and clearly reflected the real ischiofemoral ligansent's anatomy and biomechanical behavior. The maximum on Mises stresses at the joint interface was more than that fur an otherwise identical hardware-only construct.

选择成人尸体髋关节行CT成像得到髋关节每层横截面图像，提取边界坐标，利用有限元分析软件Unigraphics NX 2.0和Solid-Works 2006 SP0.0构建出髋关节三维有限元模型及人工髋关节假体，并模拟全髋置换术进行装配，将坐股韧带按其术中重建位置进行构建骨骼与金属模型采用三维十节点四面体实体单元进行网格划分，关节囊六面体连接单元划分，模拟坐位腿交叉动作载荷获取假体撞击过程的角活动度和相应的von Mises应力分布情况结果所构建的多体连接、大界面划移、大变形的坐股韧带重建有限元模型，客观反映坐股韧带真实解剖形态及生物力学行为，增加坐股韧带重建的模型其关节面的最大主应力值大于仅有金属的模型。

An adaptive remodeling algorithm, driven by strain energy density, was applied to a previously validated 3D, nonlinear finite element model of an intact ligamentous L3-L5 segment.

在建立L3-L5 节段非线性3D有限元模型的基础上，采用应变滞后能量分布的仿真技术，重建骨塑形模型。

The conclusions are as follows:(1) Neologisms in each Huayu region can be classified into two major categories:self-originated and others-originated,among which the new-born words are "absolute new words" and the inherited word are "relative new words",and there are also others-originated elements in the morphemic and sense systems of new words;(2) Variation can be seen in the morpheme,formation,building and sense of new words in Huayu regions,besides individuals of new words;(3) Aggregation of current new words and compound words with one common morpheme and a same construction,together with the aggregation of synonyms and that of different senses in polysemies,reflect the relevance of the systems of new words in Huayu regions in their variation;(4) Regular participation of hinting sense of a formation element in forming and building new words is an important way of producing new sense of morpheme,and an important reason for the current emergence of words with more than one new senses;(5) Compared with ordinary words,the productivity of ways of word formation in forming new words both in general and of a particular class will change and new ways of word formation appear in Huayu regions;(6) The semantic collocation of the verbal morpheme of new verbs in a phrase has a great influence on the location of its structural center,and the complex syntactic behaviors of new verbs are related to the different processes of argument integration;(7) The processes of building new words with the same meaning differ in levels of approaches to motivation cognition,perspectives of motivation cognition,morpheme motivation and morpheme expression,etc.;(8) The lexical interaction in Huayu regions results in lexical subsystem intersections of current new words across two,three and four regions.

本文的主要结论是：(1)各华语区新词均可分为&自源新词&和&他源新词&两大类，其中的新生词和传承词分属&绝对新词&和&相对新词&，新词语的词素、词义系统中也含有他源成分；(2)除词语个体外，华语区新词在词素、构词、造词、词义等方面均体现了某种程度的变异：(3)通用词语聚合、同素同构词聚合、同义异形词聚合与一词多义聚合集中反映了各华语区新词语系统在变异中的关联；(4)构词单位经常提示词义参与构造新词是产生新语素义的重要途径，也是当代多新义词现象的重要成因；(5)相对于一般词语，构词方式在新词语中的总能产性和在某一词类中所体现的能产性都有所变化，华语区也产生了新的构词方式；(6)新动词的动素在短语中的语义搭配对结构核心的位置有很大影响，新动词的复杂句法表现与不同的论元整合过程有关；(7)同义新词造词过程的差异包括理据认知途径、理据认知角度、词素理据和词素表达等不同层面；(8)华语区的词汇互动形成了双区、三区和四区通用新词等词汇子系统交集，作为华语核心，普通话所含纳的通用词语多于各区域变体。

The ferroelectric-thin-film pixel is an essential element in uncooled infrared focal plane array of an infrared detector.

非制冷红外探测器内的铁电薄膜微桥是多层的结构体系。

Instead, the designer displays those ingredients so that every element is preserved and displayed in an arrangement that takes on an additional layer of meaning more replete than any individual component alone.

相反，设计师展示那些成分，这样，每种要素都保存了下来，而且有序地展示；因此，具有另外一层意义的展品比任何单个的成分都要丰满。

Episome is an additional genetic element that can exist either as an autonomous entity or be inserted into the continuity of the chromosome of a host cell.

附加体是能插入寄生细胞连续的染色体之中，也能以自主实体而存在的一种附加遗传因素。

An alternative method of determining the site impedances is to calculate an impedance estimate for each time-frequency element.

另一种方法确定网站的阻抗是计算阻抗估计为每一次频率的元素。

The numerical analysis of finite element method is an important means of modern engineering refined design, having become an indispensable engineering tool for designers.

有限元数值分析是现代工程精细设计的重要方法，已成为工程设计人员不可或缺的重要工具和手段。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。