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In 23 accessions 47 RAPD characteristic markers were amplified with 19 primers, and 36 common characteristic RAPD marker within two cultivars or lines were amplified in 34 accessions with 17 primers. The 34 accessions of Fujian emblic germplasm were divided into 2 group by clustering analysis with ED method: one from huian and the other from putian.

同时，获得了19个引物对23份材料扩增的RAPD特征标记47个，17个引物在36对材料上共扩增出36个共享特征RAPD标记；采用ED法进行RAPD标记的聚类分析则可将福建34份余甘子遗传资源明显划分为惠安余甘和莆田余甘两大类。

Five of fifty random primers amplified DNA polymorphism hands in RAPD analysis of seed-derived seedlings and of in vitro regenerated plantlets taken at random. One primer eyen amplified the difference between the regenerated plants. This suggested that there was some variation in DNA in plants of M. sativa regenerated in vitro.

随机选取实生苗和下胚轴愈伤组织再生苗进行RAPD分析，结果表明，所用的50个随机引物中有5个扩增出差异性条带，甚至再生植株之间也有1条引物扩增的条带有差异，这说明经组织培养所得到的再生植株与实生苗相比，在DNA水平上发生了一定程度变异，并且这种变异也存在于再生植株之间。

Twenty-four random primers were used to analyze the genomes of three descendant strains with steady hereditable variation produced form domesticated silkworm by artificial insemination with sperms of eri silkworm. The results show that in the RAPD patterns there are many amplified bands called" parental bands"which are similar to those of the female parent. At the same time, there appears varied amount of amplified bands called "variant bands" that are different from those of the female parent. The variant ...

采用24种随机引物，对以蓖麻蚕精子进行人工授精得到的家蚕后代中的3个稳定变异品系及其亲本的基因组进行了RAPD检测，结果显示，在变异品系的RAPD图谱中，不仅存在大量与母本相同的&亲本带&，同时还出现了不同数量与母本不同的&变异带&，包括&非亲本带&、&缺失带&及个别仅与父本相同的&目的带&，从分子水平上揭示了变异品系存在着明显的&偏母性&与&变异性&特点。

The results showed that the optimized content of Mg~(2+) was 5mmol/L; dNTP was 200μmol/L; Primer was 0.5μmol/L; Taq polymerase was lU/50ul in the PCR system. Only one fragment of about 270bp was amplified within the genome of 12 wild species and 23 cultivars of Mallus Mill., which indicated that Ty1-copia-like retrotransposons were archaic components of apple genome. The nested insertion of near and within the reverse transcriptase gene of Ty1-copia-like retrotransposons wasn\'t found in apple genome.2 The reverse transcriptase conservative region of Ty1-copia-like retrotransposons were amplified from Gala apple using the optimized PCR system. The amplification product was isolated, cloned and sequenced. Forty-five clones containing reverse transcriptase conservative region were obtained (accession number: AY849580 -AY849592 and DQ105035-DQ105066). Cluster analysis of these sequences showed a great heterogeneity among RT domains isolated from the same genotype.

从苹果属12个野生种和苹果23个栽培品种中都扩增到了约270bp的目的产物，且所有试材的扩增结果一致，均无目的条带以外的产物扩增，说明Ty1-copia类逆转座子在苹果属植物中广泛存在，且存在历史可能较为久远；从扩增结果看不出该逆转座子的逆转录酶基因或附近区域在苹果基因组内有嵌套行为的发生。2、利用优化了的PCR方法从嘎拉苹果基因组克隆了45条Ty1-copia类逆转座子逆转录酶保守序列(登陆号分别为AY849580-AY849592和DQ105035-DQ105066)，结果表明，同一基因组来源的这些序列存在高度的异质性。

The specific PCR products of approximately 112bp in length was amplified from the other 10 strains of E.faecalis from lamb naturally infected with E.faecalis,lamb and mouse experimentally infected with E.faecalis by the PCR assay,but no any bands were amplified from Streptococcus equi subsp.equi,Streptococcus G,Streptococcus A,Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes from sheep,Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Brucella ovis.

应用该方法对分离的致羔羊脑炎粪肠球菌、由肠球菌导致发病或死亡羔羊脏器以及人工感染死亡小鼠的主要脏器进行扩增，均能得到特异性的DNA条带；对其他7种病原菌，马腺疫链球菌C群、G群链球菌、A群链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、羊源李氏杆菌、绵羊布氏杆菌、绵羊肺炎支原体不能扩增出特异的DNA条带。

The study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 69 tea cultivars of the preconcentrated core germplasms of Camellia Sinensis in China by the random amplified polymorphic DNA.Among 50 arbitrary primers, 32 primers could generate enough amplified bands for all the strains in this study.

以中国茶树初选核心种质中的69份种质为实验材料，采用改良的SDS法提取它们的基因组DNA，并运用优化的RAPD 分析体系对基因组DNA进行分子标记遗传差异研究。

7Kb of these isolates were amplified by using RT-PCR The amplified DNA were then cloned and sequenced The analysis of the sequence data further confirmed that IBV was the pathogenic agent of the infectious disease associated with proventricular lesion

利用扩增片段两端的EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ位点将扩增片段克隆进pBluescripⅡKS载体，转化大肠杆菌JM109，挑选白色菌落并用PCR方法对插入片段进行鉴定。用双脱氧终止法对扩增的片段进行测序并与GenBank公开的序列进行比较分析。结果进一步证实IBV是导致此种野外发生的腺胃相关疾病的病原。

Methods: total rna was isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma cell line hepg2. subsequently, a 1kb fragment of hccr 2 encoding region was amplified by rt pcr and cloned into promega teasy vector. after confirmed by dna sequencing, the full length encoding region of hccr 2 was amplified by pcr and cloned into pires2 egfp. the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector was confimed by dna sequencing.

从人肝癌细胞株hepg2提取rna，利用rt pcr方法，先克隆出一包括hccr 2编码区的长约1 kb的片段，并将其与t载体连接并转化，测序证实无误后，以hccr 2/t载体为模板，再通过pcr克隆出hccr 2的编码区序列，将其连接到pires2 egfp真核表达载体，并通过测序获得证实。

Methods The hTERT promoter as E1A and E1Bp gene were amplified by PCR; the GFP gene and GM-CSF were also amplified by PCR, and the products were subcloned into Teasy plasmid in certain order to generate pSh-GFP-SV55K plasmid.

采用PCR的方法克隆腺病毒E1区基因(E1A， E1B55K)、EIB的启动子(E1Bp)以及人端粒酶逆转录酶亚基启动子，以及2个目的基因：人GM-CSF和GFP(Green Fluorescence Protein， GFP)。

METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Subsequently, a 1kb fragment of HCCR2 encoding region was amplified by RTPCR and cloned into Promega TEasy vector. After confirmed by DNA sequencing, the fulllength encoding region of HCCR2 was amplified by PCR and cloned into pIRES2EGFP. The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector was confimed by DNA sequencing.

从人肝癌细胞株HepG2提取RNA，利用RTPCR方法，先克隆出一包括HCCR2编码区的长约1 kb的片段，并将其与T载体连接并转化，测序证实无误后，以HCCR2/T载体为模板，再通过PCR克隆出HCCR2的编码区序列，将其连接到pIRES2EGFP真核表达载体，并通过测序获得证实。

Researches reveal that students who suffer from corporal punishment tend to resort to violence in their future life.

研究表明遭受过肉体惩罚的孩子倾向于在他们今后的人生中使用暴力。

Total sugar of sarcocarp and chlorophyll of pericarp increased firstly, and then decreased afterward along with altitude; Titratable acidity, ascorbicacid and anthocyanin of pericarp were increased along with altitude; The content of protein increased firstly and decreased afterward along with altitude; Carotenoid of pericarp were decreased along with altitude.

果肉总糖和果皮叶绿素含量随海拔高度升高先升高后降低；可滴定酸、维生素C和果皮花青苷含量均随海拔升高而升高；蛋白质在1720m处最大，1420m处最小；果皮类胡萝卜素随海拔升高而降低。