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In history and reality, the contradiction between needs and limited resource always exists. From the view point of system-science, it can be concluded that:①The interaction among need-contradiction-ability is the perpetual force for enterprise evolution (and the evolution of other living systems). The improvement of "ability"is the process and result of evolution.②The competition and coordination among systems is the direct power for enterprise evolution. Competition produces various system actions. Coordination makes systems complement their functions with each other. The interactions of competition and coordination push enterprise into the flow of evolution and optimization.③The"stochastic fluctuation"of the system, which is accidental finding, is another force for enterprise evolution. It is a deterministic element in the process of the self-organization of enterprise.

在历史和现实中，需要和满足需要资源稀缺之间的"问题"是恒久存在的，从系统科学的角度可以演绎出：①需要一问题一能力三种异质要素的相互作用是企业进化（其它一切有生命系统进化）的永恒动力，"能力"的提高正是进化的过程和结果；②各系统间的竞争与协同是企业进化的直接动力，竞争产生多样化的系统行为，协同则使各系统间优势互补，竞争与协同交互作用推动企业呈现出进化与优化的趋势：③系统的"随机涨落力"即意料之外的发现与创新是推动企业进化的又一种动力，它是企业自组织过程中带有必然性的力量：④在解决"问题"中创新者的作用不可低估，但更为根本地说创新者只是"需要一问题一能力"这三种要素相互作用的载体，个体的创新是企业自组织过程的必然结果。

The incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with FD was higher than that in healthy volunteers; The average extent of anxiety and depression of FD patients was significantly higher than that of healthy people (p 0.001). 2.The total scores of life events and the scores of negative life events in patients with FD was significantly higher than that of healthy group (p=0.014 and p 0.001), but the favorable life events scores was lower than healthy group's(p=0.001). 3. Eight healthy conceptions in the health-related quality of life of FD patients was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers (p .001). 4. There was positive correlation among the symptom iterated integral, anxiety evaluation and depression evaluation of the FD patients (p0.001). 5. In the FD patients, there was no significant correlation between the evaluation of symptoms and life events. 6. In the FD patients, there was no significant correlation among symptoms evaluation, energy and body ache, and negative correlation among the other 6 health conceptions (p 0.05). 7. There was significant positive correlation among the total scores of life events、negative life events scores and anxiety evaluation of the FD patients(p.01),and also with depression evaluation(p.05),there was no significant correlation among the favorable life events scores with anxiety and depression evaluation both. 8. There was negative correlation among anxiety evaluation, depression evaluation and 8 health conceptions of the FD patients (p 0.001). 9. There existed negative correlation respectively among the total scores of life events and negative life events scores with 6 health conceptions of the FD patients (p 0.05) and 7 health conceptions of the FD patients (p 0.05), there was no significant correlation among the favorable life events scores and the health-related quality of life of FD patients.

结果：1、FD患者焦虑、抑郁的发生率明显高于健康对照组(p.005)，平均焦虑、抑郁程度高于对照组(p.001)。2、FD患者经历的生活事件总值(p=0.014)和负性生活事件值(p.001)明显高于健康对照组，正性生活事件值低于对照组(p=0.001)。3、FD患者的生活质量在8个健康概念上均明显比健康人差(p.001)。4、FD患者的症状积分与焦虑评分、抑郁评分呈正相关(p.001)。5、FD患者的症状积分与生活事件值均无相关性。6、FD患者症状积分与活力、躯体疼痛之间无明显相关性，与其余6项健康概念均呈负相关(p.05)。7、FD患者的生活事件总值、负性生活事件值与焦虑评分均显著正相关(p.01)，与抑郁评分也均呈正相关(p.05)，正性生活事件值与焦虑和抑郁水平均无相关性。8、FD患者焦虑评分、抑郁评分与8项健康概念均呈负相关(p.001)。9、FD患者生活事件总值和负性生活事件值分别与生活质量8项健康概念中的6项和7项呈负相关(p.05)，正性生活事件值与生活质量无关。

A non-profit public benefit corporation FORMed to enhance the work of state aviation and space education councils and related organizations by improving communications among them and by developing mutual support programs, NASEA works to support: utilizing exposure to aviation and space topics to stimulate enthusiasm for learning among students, encouraging the use of aviation and space oriented curricula in schools and other educational institutions; fostering and improving the public awareness of aviation and aerospace; and enhancing communications and cooperation among governmental agencies, educational institutions, industry and other organizations in support of aviation and space education.

非盈利性公共组织为加强与全国航空航天教育协会及其他组织之间的合作，通过互惠的支持项目，增强相互间的联系。主要从事：利用对于航空航天课题的研究激励学生的学习热情；在学校和教育学院鼓励开展航空航天为导向的课外活动；培养和提高公众对航空航天的认知；加强政府机构、教育学院、工业和其他组织间的沟通与合作，用以支持航空航天教育。

There were very significant differences about the values of MP, MPF and AEMG among the motion muscles, but there was no significant difference about the singals of MF slope, MPF slope and AEMG slope. In patients group there were significant differences about the values of MF, AEMG, AEMG slope of motion limb between paretic side and non-paretic side. There were also significant differences about the values of MPF slope between paretic side of the patients and left side of the health. But there was no significant difference about other parameters in groups or among groups. Compared the activity muscles of four groups, there were significant difference about the values of AEMG and MPF among initiative muscles, antagonistic muscles and co-contraction muscles. There were very significant differences about the values of MF and MPF among co-contraction muscles, but there was no significant difference between initiative muscle and antagonistic muscle.

结果：两组各活动肢体间比较除AEMG斜率均值外MF、MPFAEMG及MF斜率及MPF斜率均值差异无显著性意义；各活动肌肉间比较MF、MPF、AEMG均值差异有显著性意义，而MF斜率、MPF斜率及AEMG斜率均值无显著性差异；活动肢体因素四个水平间比较除偏瘫组患侧与健侧之间的MF和AEMG、AEMG斜率均值和偏瘫组患侧与正常组左侧的MPF斜率均值有显著性差异外，其余参数在偏瘫组与正常组组内、组间的差异无显著性差异；活动肌肉因素4组肌肉间对比：主动肌与拮抗肌以及协同肌AEMG、MPF差异有显著性，协同肌之间MF、MPF差异有非常显著性，拮抗肌与协同肌差异无显著性。

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

We think , as to common criminal offence, on one hand, it is not the simple summation of each accomplice's behavior, but is the whole which is shown as the organic connection of each accomplice's behavior, can't think accomplice a certain so long as passivism stop crime can make oneself break away from complicity and establish crime discontinue among them; On the other hand, though the common criminal offence is the whole of an organic connection, it is but such and organic last behavior per accomplice each other at complicity connection with, interdepend, relation not complement each other, if a certain accomplice stops the crime for the intention that is discontinued , and prevent other accomplices from utilizing its previous behavior to continue implementing the crime effectively, break this kind of relation or dispel undoubtedly , prevent from accomplice this behavior is it lead to the fact danger to the society to continue before too, so, among them stop the behavior to be regarded as the crime and discontinued .

我们认为，对于共同犯罪行为而言，一方面，它并不是各个共犯行为的简单相加，而是表现为各个共犯行为有机联系的整体，因此不能认为其中某个共犯只要消极停止犯罪就可使自己脱离共同犯罪而成立犯罪中止；另一方面，尽管共同犯罪行为是一个有机联系的整体，但这种有机联系在共同犯罪内部则表现为各个共犯行为的互相利用、互相依赖、相辅相成的关系，如果某个共犯出于中止的意图停止犯罪，并有效地阻止其他共犯利用其先前的行为继续实施犯罪，则无疑使这种关系中断或消除，也就避免了该共犯的先前行为继续对社会造成危害，因此，其中止行为应视为犯罪中止。

Furthermore, out of 497 fAFLP markers, 80 special bands were found to be able to distinguish the four groups from each other and may be applied for germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification of Meretrix clam.4 Molecular classification of two species of Meretrix clam based on fAFLP and ITS sequences4.1 The results of fAFLP maker analysis of S, G and W showed that each group had their own specific loci among which there were 53 special loci in W group, much more than those of S group (14) and G group (21). Among the 53 loci, nine were all dominant loci. These unique loci could be taken as molecular markers to distinguish W from other groups. The genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between S and G groups were 0.9585 and 0.0424 respectively, but the genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between W group and S or G group was 0.7939 or 0.7941, and 0.2308 or 0.2305 respectively. The results revealed that significant difference existed between W and S or G groups in molecular genetic structure. The phylogenetic trees by the methods of UPGMA and NJ also indicated that S and G populations were very closely related, while W population was a relatively independent cluster, lying beyond the species which S and G belong to.4.2 The internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA from S group, G group and W group were PCR amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the size of ITS ranged between 1266-1269bp in W group, while those in G and S groups were 1614bp and 1520bp respectively. The GC content ranged 62.32-62.62% in W group while it was 61.77% in G group. The genetic distances between three populations of W group were 0.001～0.003, but it was 0.110 or 0.147 respectively between W group and G group or S group. Phylogenetic trees by NJ method also showed that G group was very closely related to S group, while W group was a relatively independent cluster.

在457个总扩增位点中找出了53个W的特有位点，远多于S群体(14)和G(21)群体，而且在53个特有位点中有9个出现频率为100%的位点，这些位点可以作为区分其它2个群体的特征性标记；S– G群体特有的位点有112个，其中有4个位点出现频率为100%，可作为S– G群体区别于W群体的特征性标记。S群体和G群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.9585，遗传距离只有0.0424，在NJ和UPGMA法构建的亲缘关系的树状图上均首先聚在一起，说明二者的亲缘关系很近，应属于种内群体间的关系；而W与S和G的遗传相似性系数均较小(0.7939和0.7941)，相对遗传距离很大而且十分相近(0.2308和0.2305)，在亲缘关系树状图上单独分出一支，也表明W与S和G群体间的亲缘关系较远。4.2 ITS序列比较分析通过对白壳文蛤、山东文蛤和广西文蛤的ITS序列扩增电泳、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析发现，W的ITS序列长度在1266-1269 bp，而S和与G的ITS序列总长度分别为1520 bp和1614 bp；从ITS1和ITS2长度来看，W分别为739-741 bp和316-317 bp，S为895 bp和414 bp，G为987 bp和416 bp；而从ITS碱基组成来看，W的GC含量在62.32-62.62%之间，而G群体为61.77%。W的3个壳色不同群体间的遗传距离仅0.001、0.002和0.003，S与G群体间的遗传距离是0.010，说明W群体内变异很小，而S与G群体间已出现明显的遗传分化，但还均属于种内群体间的遗传变异；而W与G和S的遗传距离分别达到0.110、0.147，两个类群差异显著，已远超出种内群体间的遗传变异。

There were no significant differences for the firing rates in the site of contralateral TNC neurons among during pre-CSD,CSD,and post-CSD (P＞0.05).For flunarizine group,the firing rates in the site of ipsilateral TNC neurons during pre-CSD were higher as compared with during CSD(P＜0.05).2.1 There were statistical differences on palasma levels of CGRP and SP among the three groups(P＜0.05).The levels of CGRP and SP in CSD group were higher than control group(P＜0.05).No significant differences on the levels of CGRP and SP in ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia were found among the three groups(P＞0.05).2 The number of neurons with positive CGRP and SP immunoreactivity was statistically different in right-sided trigeminal ganglia among the three groups (P＜0.05).The number in fight-sided trigeminal ganglia in CSD group was higher as compared with control group(P＜0.05).The number in right-sided trigeminal ganglia was statistically higher than that in left-sided trigeminal ganglion in CSD group(P＜0.05).3.1 Altered ReHo in ipsilateral pons and other brain regions response to pain such as basal nuclei,thalamus,cingulated gyms and prefrontal cortex was detected during the acute spontaneous attack as compared with during headache remission(P＜0.05,corrected by Monte Carlo simulation). 2 Positive functional connectivity was detected between ipsilateral pons and other brain regions related to pain within pain state and within non-pain state (P＜0.05,corrected by false discovery rate,FDR).Increased functional correlation between ipsilateral pons and other pain-related brain regions such as ipsilateral prefrontal cortex and contralateral subcallosal gyrus was detected during the acute spontaneous attack as compared with during headache remission(P＜0.05,corrected by Monte Carlo simulation).

结果1。对照组未发现CSD；同侧TNC放电频率，CSD中＞CSD后＞CSD前P＜0.05对侧TNC放电频率，CSD前、中、后无统计学差异(P＞0.05氟桂利嗪组同侧TNC放电频率，CSD前＞CSD中(P＜0.05)，CSD前与CSD后及CSD中与CSD后之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。2.1关于放免测定，各组血浆CGRP、SP水平有统计学差异(P＜0.05)，CSD组高于对照组(P＜0.05)，CSD组与氟桂利嗪组、对照组与氟桂利嗪组之间均无统计学差异P＞0.05各组之间同侧三叉神经节中CGRP、SP水平未见变化(P＞0.05.2关于免疫组化研究，右侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫阳性细胞数三组之间有统计学差异(P＜0.05)，多重两两比较结果CSD组大于对照组(P＜0.05)，CSD组与氟桂利嗪组之间、对照组与氟桂利嗪组之间无统计学差异P＞0.05左侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫阳性细胞数三组之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05CSD组中右侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫反应阳性细胞数大于左侧(P＜0.05)。3.1局部一致性分析发现两组患者头痛疼痛状态较非疼痛状态脑活动发生变化的脑区有同侧脑桥以及其他疼痛相关脑区如基底节区、丘脑、扣带回、前额叶皮层等(P＜0.05，蒙特卡罗模拟校正)。2功能连接分析发现疼痛状态与非疼痛状态下主要疼痛相关脑区均与同侧脑桥有功能联系P＜0.05，false discovery rate，FDR校正疼痛状态与非疼痛状态比较，同侧前额叶皮层、对侧胼胝下回等疼痛相关脑区与同侧脑桥之间功能联系增强(P＜0.05，蒙特卡罗模拟校正。

It was showed that pectenolone and pectenoxanthin were all found in Gonads, hepatopancreas, mantle and gill, among of them, ovary, hepatopancreas and gill possessed more carotenoid than other tissues, but no carotenoids were found in the white muscles of Yesso scallops. Hepatopancreas contains a variety other carotenoids some kind of other not identified beside pectenolone and pectenoxanthin. The result also showed that the Yesso scallop with orange muscle had more the carotenoids in a variety of tissues than the common, and the female more than the male.4 Impacts of carotenoid accumulation on morphological structure and chemical composition in orange muscle of Yesso scallopThere was no difference between the orange and white muscle obserced by conventional HE staining, while musclular fiber type and matrix density in the orange muscle was different from white ones by the TEM observation of ultra-thin slices, and there were three musclular fiber types, among of them, the loose muscular fiber was orange muscle specifically.

利用HPLC法对橘红/白色闭壳肌虾夷扇贝各组织中含有的类胡萝卜素种类和含量，结果表明，虾夷扇贝在性腺、肝胰腺、外套膜、鳃丝中均含有类胡萝卜素pectenolone和pectenoxanthin，白色闭壳肌中未检测到类胡萝卜素，其中肝胰腺除上述两种类胡萝卜素外，还含有其他多种未鉴定的类胡萝卜素；在各组织中，雌性性腺、肝胰腺、鳃丝中类胡萝卜素的含量较高；橘红色闭壳肌虾夷扇贝各组织中的类胡萝卜素含量高于白色闭壳肌虾夷扇贝；雌性虾夷扇贝中的类胡萝卜素的含量高于雄性。4累积类胡萝卜素对虾夷扇贝闭壳肌的形态结构和化学成分的影响本文对橘红色闭壳肌进行了常规HE染色切片观察，并未观察到异常现象；超薄切片透射电镜观察发现橘红色闭壳肌在肌纤维类型及基质密度等方面有别于白色闭壳肌，在橘红色闭壳肌中有三种肌纤维，其中疏松型肌纤维为橘红色闭壳肌特有。

With an eye to supporting needy students and poor families weather this cold spell, Tzu Chi volunteers from Ladysmith have prepared some special winter relief kits that contain, among other things, blankets, warm clothes, and school supplies.

南半球的南非正值严冬，虽然不是每个地方都会下雪，为了帮助这里清寒的学生和贫困的居民能够度过寒冬，雷地史密斯的慈济志工特别准备了御寒物资，包括了毛毯、保暖衣物和文具等，还有从美国飘洋过海的赠书，让志工可以好好利用，协助当地孩子藉由看书获得自信，获得力量。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。