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Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

S: During incubating of embryonated egg s, the content of protein, amino acid, free amino acid increased gradually, and maintained at a higher lever within the 10 -19 days.

鸡胚蛋在孵化期间，其蛋白质、总氨基酸、游离氨基酸从孵化开始逐渐增加，1 0d～ 1 9d稳定在一个较高的水平，比未孵化的鲜鸡蛋提高 1 %以上，胎水氨基酸从第 7d开始形成，以后含量稳定在 2 。

Complete acid hydrolysis of the peptide followed by amino acid analysis yielded equimolar amounts of Leu, Orn, Phe, Pro, and Val. Orn is ornithine, an amino acid not present in proteins but present in some peptides .

此肽完全水解，然后经氨基酸分析产生等摩尔的Leu，Orn，Phe，Pro和Val，Orn为鸟氨酸，是蛋白质中不存在而存在于某些肽中的一种氨基酸。

The synthetic and release of excitory amino acids are greatly increased after cerebral ischemia and the balance btween excitory amino acids and inhibitory acids are broken.

脑缺血性损伤时，脑内兴奋性氨基酸的合成、释放明显增加，兴奋性/抑制性氨基酸的动态平衡被打破。

Given an amino acid sequence, what features should be derived from it and how to formulize these features so as to represent the relationship between the sequence and the structure or function of the corresponding protein correctlyβ This is the problem of characteristic description of the amino acid sequence.

1引言 阐释蛋白质的序列一结构一功能之间的关系是后基因组时代的一项重要任务，蛋白质数据库规模的迅速增长和计算技术的发展为这项任务的研究提供了方便。

The results of comparative analysis on NCBI-BLAST indicated that the cloned fragment contained 812 nucleotides and shared a homology of 90% with the reported sequence of germin gf-2.8 gene while its amino acid sequence shared a homology of 96%,A majority of the nine differences between and among the two sequences involve equivalent amino acids.

氨基酸序列的同源性为96％，其中有九个氨基酸不同，但基本上为同等氨基酸，并且符合germin中三组氨酸和一谷氨酸的草酸氧化酶活性位点的同源模型特征。

Results For Aloe rera,amino-oligosaccharin could control Glomerella cingulata and promote its growth and development evidently,and also proved that amino-oligosaccharin has no harmful effects on Aloe vera.

结果氨基寡糖素能有效促进芦荟生长发育，对芦荟炭疽病有明显的防治作用，安全和无药害发生。

Provides high levels of branched-chain amino and glutamic acids, plus a perfect ratio of other amino acids.

提供高水平的支链氨酸和谷氨酸，配已有效比率的其它氨基酸。

In the plant albumen, the content of Glutaminic acid, Branched-chain amino ac i d in cerial protein is abundant. Glutaminic acid has great effect on nervous system. Branched-chain amino acids have the function of saving protein,and have impact on immune system,etc.

在实验中，还发现谷物经加工后氨基酸的变化，其中赖氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸等含量有大幅度降低，影响了谷物食品的营养价值；新谷物品种中氨基酸含量普遍增高，蛋白总量增加，这对种植业意义深远；以具有特殊香味而受到人们喜爱的香米与普通大米相比，就其蛋白质品质而延其营养价值低于普通大米。

Xinjiang medicine's content of amino acid of fruit juice of mulberry fruit is concrete: 2,6-diaminocaproic acid 0.089, serine 0.044, histidine 0.025, glycine 0.049, ammonia 0.088, valine 0.057, 2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid 0.051, isoleucine 0.042, Radix Asparagi 0.068, 0.020, threonine 0.076, 0.022, 0.128, 0.069, third 0.048, benzene third 0.042 leucine glutaminic acid methionine hydroxyphenylaminopropionic acid.

新疆药桑椹果汁氨基酸含量具体为：赖氨酸0.089、丝氨酸0.044、组氨酸0.025、甘氨酸0.049、氨0.088、缬氨酸0.057、精氨酸0.051、异亮氨酸0.042、天门冬氨酸0.068、酪氨酸0.020、苏氨酸0.076、蛋氨酸0.022 、谷氨酸0.128、亮氨酸0.069、丙氨酸0.048、苯丙氨酸0.042。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新