查询词典 alterations

There are four kind of isoforms of endothelin in human and other mammals named ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and ET-β, which are slightly different in construction and pharmacological effect. In human beings, ET-1 is the dominative subtypes. ET-1 remains in blood at a low level about 5ng per liter on physical state. It is synthesized, stored, released and metabolized locally. The half-life of ET-1 is about 1 hour. ET-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictive factor till now, and it is more functional in vein than in artery. In vascular bed, there are two kind of ET receptors. Type A mainly located in smooth muscle cells, whereas type B in endothelial cells. The latter can stimulate intimal hyperplasia via a parasecretion way and activate some oncogenes such as c-fos and c-myc and then enhance their expression. These alterations result in constriction of blood vessels, thus the SMC steps into proliferate state from silent state.

人及哺乳动物体内有四种结构及药理学性质略有差异的异物体，分别为ET-1、ET-2、ET-3、ET-β，而在人主要是ET-1，在生理条件下，ET-1在血浆中含量较低，约为5ng〓，故ET-1不是一个循环激素，而是局部合成释放，局部起作用的活性物质，半衰期约1小时，ET-1是目前已知的最强的血管收缩剂，对静脉的作用比动脉强，在血管床，ET受体有A、B两型，A型主要分布在平滑肌细胞，B型主要分布在内皮细胞，它可以通过旁分泌途径刺激内膜增生，具有有丝分裂原效应，可以激活某些癌基因如C-fos、C-myc使其表达增强引起血管收缩，使静止期SMC进入增殖期，还可以通过信号传导途径，与bFGF、GTF-β、PDGF等生长因子协同作用，起共有丝分裂原作用。

Elucidation of the phenotypical alterations occurring in OA chondrocytes is important for the development of effective treatments for OA.

OA软骨细胞中出现的表现型改变的说明对OA有效治疗的进展具有重要意义。

Recently, the common variations of gene sequence, such as SNP and InDel, have been proved to be related to phenotypical alterations or disorders as well.

而近年来，这些基因序列上的变异，如SNP与InDel，被发现与性状的改变以及疾病有很大的关联。

After the cell growth curves was recorded, RPE cells of the 3-5th passages were utilized. 2、Three different siRNA (siRNAl,siRNA2,siRNA3) targeting against human cx43 gene and one negative control siRNA were designed and transfected into cultured human RPE cells via liposome reagent. The most effective siRNA can be determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCRRT-PCR. 3、To the most effective siRNA, after transfected into human RPEs with different concentration, the cellular proliferate activities were messured by MTT colorimetry ; the percentages of RPE in different cell circle phase was assayed by FCM; the changes of phenotypical properities were observed with SCM; the protein expression of cx43 was studied through immunocytochemistry stain and Weston blot; the communication intercellular was calculated with FRAP; and the ability of recovery was assessed by using an in vitro wound healing model.4、The total proteins of siRNA1 and RPE were seperated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Proteins with significant expression alterations were selected and their peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flying mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).The PMFs were used to search NCBInr database by Auto MS-Fit software.

实验方法：1、培养原代的人RPE细胞，经过细胞角蛋白、S-100和神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白免疫细胞化学鉴定后，通过AO/PI染色技术确定培养细胞的存活率，描记其生长曲线，第3-5代用于以下细胞实验2、生物合成针对人cx43基因的三条小干扰RNA和一条阴性RNA通过脂质体转染RPE细胞后，通过RT-PCR的方法确定抑制效率最高的干扰片断3、将该片段以不同浓度通过阳离子脂质体转染培养的人RPE细胞后，采用MTT法观察其对细胞的增殖力的作用；通过流式细胞仪观察其对细胞周期的影响；通过扫描电镜观察其对细胞形态的影响；通过免疫细胞化学和Weston blot观察其对cx43蛋白表达的作用；采用激光共聚焦和荧光淬灭恢复技术观察荧光恢复速率平均百分率，评价其对细胞间通讯功能的影响；通过制作RPE细胞损伤模型，观察其对损伤修复能力的作用4、分离纯化转染siRNA的RPE组和正常对照组RPE细胞的全部蛋白质，应用等电聚焦电泳和SDS-PAGE双向电泳技术，银染显示分离出的蛋白质斑点，经凝胶图像分析软件对两个样本进行胶图分析，寻找差异蛋白点。

According to the research of strata element contents, REE, stable isotope and wall rock alterations, ore forming substances are from both mantle and crust, and the ore deposit has the characteristics of mutiple metallogenesis and polygenetics, belonging to mantle crust polygenetic compound deposit .

老厂银铅矿床主要受断裂构造控制。对矿区地层元素丰度、稀土元素、稳定同位素及围岩蚀变等进行研究，结果表明，成矿物质有幔、壳两大来源，矿床具多期多成因的特征，属幔－壳型多因复成矿

These changes were at least partly due to postsynaptic alterations in the response to glutamate, and apparently affected each synapse in proportion to its initial strength.

这些改变至少部分是由于在谷氨酸应答中突触后的改变，并按其最初的比例影响每个突触。

These changes were at least partly due to postsynaptic alterations in the response to glutamate, and apparently affected each synapse in proportion to its initial strength.

这些改变至少部分是由於在谷氨酸应答中突触后的改变，并按其最初的比例影响每个突触。

Alterations in the amplitude or kinetics of I_A may impact on the shape and duration of action pote...

三种电流在+40 mV时衰减时间常数τ分别为42.3±10.9 ms、26.3±14.5 ms(Kv4.2)和99.3±36.0 ms(Kv4.3)；海。。。

Changes in our state of consciousness are brought about by alterations in the level of prana.

能量在不同水平的变化直接导致意识的变化。

In ore body, K-feldsparization is widely distributed, silication ispockety, the other alterations have obvious vertical zoning, from upper to lower is:biotite zone→sericite zone→propylitic zone (epidote-chlorite-calcitization zone).

在空间上，钾长石化分布较广，硅化分布不均，其它蚀变垂直分带现象比较明显，由下至上是：黑云母化带→绢云母化带→青盘岩化(绿泥石-绿帘石-方解石化)带。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷