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In this paper,the forming mechanism and affecting favtor of bulk metallic glasses is systematically discussed from the aspects of thermodynamic, kinetic and microstructure . Thermodynamic factors which favor the amorphization of alloys analyzed, the glass forming range of ternary alloys system was proposed by using Miedema theory, Toop model and considering the influence of free energy of pure metals at different temperature. The approach was applied to predict the composition range of amorphous Mg-Cu-La alloys. Several methods(such as three empirical criterions ,binary alloys phase diagram , Miedema theory and Toop mode) were used to design a series of Mg65Cu25La10 、Mg68Cu17La15 and Mg57Cu23La20 alloys, These bulk amorphous alloys with maximum diameter thickness reaching to 1mm were prepared by means of graphite-molding casting though the raw materials are of a low purity by conventional casting processes at a low cooling rate.

本文从合金的热力学、动力学及结构形成条件方面系统的讨论了Mg 基大块非晶的形成机制及影响因素，并从非晶形成的热力学观点出发，综合应用Miedema理论和Toop 模型，并考虑纯金属在不同温度下的自由能，在此基础上提出了一种定量预测三元非晶合金形成范围的方法，用该方法计算Mg-Cu-La 三元合金系的非晶形成范围，应用多项技术(三经验原则、二元合金相图及Miedema 理论和Toop模型)设计了Mg65Cu25La10 、Mg68Cu17La15 和Mg57Cu23La20非晶合金。

With increasing La content, however, the phase structure of the alloys 〓(x=0.03-0.1) can be changed from C15 to C14, but that of the alloys 〓(x=0.03-0.1) has not still changed, and the second phase of both alloys decreases. Some diffluent phase appear on the surface of both alloys, because there some holes on the surface of alloys after corrasion.

结果发现，在低La含量时，两种合金均保持原有的相结构，但合金表面存在少量易溶相，在样品制备中由于腐蚀合金表面出现孔洞，合金的活化性能和放电容量得到提高。

Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agreed fairly well with the experimentally determined value s from measurements on alloys consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid, such as alloys of palladium and silicon, or alloys consisting of iron, phosphorus, and carbon, although small discrepancies remained.

对于合金密度的计算，以伯纳尔建立的金属模型为基础的计算，很大程度上等同于实验中测量的结果，测量是针对于贵重金属和非金属的合金，比如说，钯和硅的合金，或者由铁、磷、和碳组成的合金，尽管还存在一些小的差异。

Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agreed fairly well with the experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid,such as alloys of palladium and silicon,or alloys

以伯纳尔所建立的旨在研究合金中金属成分的那类模型为基础，研究人员对合金密度进行了计算，这些计算相当程度上与某些合金测量中通过实验确定的数据趋于一致，尽管一些细小的差异依然存在。

Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agreed fairly well with the experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid,such as alloys of palladium and silicon,or alloys consisting of iron,phosphorus,and carbon,although small discrepancies remained.

以伯纳尔所建立的旨在研究合金中金属成分的那类模型为基础，研究人员对合金密度进行了计算，这些计算相当程度上与某些合金测量中通过实验确定的数据趋於一致，尽管一些细小的差异依然存在。实验中测量的那类合金由一贵金属和一准金属构成，例如，钯和的合金，或由铁、磷、和碳组成的合金。

During the actual production, that the oxygen contamination from the crucible material by heat composition increases the oxygen content of molten steel will result in melting losses of the alloys in the molten steel, and will results in more heavier melting losses of the alloys, incontrollable exact chemical content of molten steel, increment of oxide inclusions and bad processability and serviceability, especially in the high strength(σb≥1600MPa) steels and alloys with special performance used in aerospace industry, manufacturing industry for precision instruments and meters, military industry, nuclear industry etc. because these steels usually have a high content of some active alloys such as Ti, V, Nb, Al, RE, etc. and a nearly zero content of dissolved oxygen.

实际生产中，如果炉衬热分解向钢液供氧，势必会造成钢液中合金元素的烧损，尤其是在航空航天、精密仪器仪表制造、军工及核工业部门使用的某些具有特殊性能的高强度(抗拉强度σb≥1600MPa)合金或钢材，因它们通常需要具有较高的活泼合金元素(如Ti、V、Nb、Al、RE等)含量，且钢中溶解氧含量接近于零，炉衬热分解供氧将造成这些合金元素的大量烧损，其结果是钢液化学成分难以精确控制，并增加了氧化物夹杂含量，恶化了钢的加工和使用性能。

It is possible to produce low-titanium aluminum alloy directly. Three months of periods of industrial test for production low-titanium aluminum alloy was conducted using the 80kA prebake electrolysis cells. The test results showed that the electrolysis cell can work stably, and the effect of TiO2 added into electrolyte on electrolytic process parameters, current efficiency, consumes of materials and energyare trifling. The titanium content in alloys is stable and the absorbility of Ti is high. The microstructure of electrolytic low-titanium aluminum alloy is homogeneous. The grain refinement effect is excellent comparing with that of alloys added titanium by melting Al-Ti master alloys and both alloys have the same grain refinement trend.

在80KA中型预焙电解槽上进行了为期三个月的低钛铝合金的工业试验，结果表明，电解槽工作状态稳定，TiO_2的加入对电解槽的主要工艺参数、电流效率、物料和能源消耗影响不大，合金的钛含量稳定，钛的吸收率高；所生产的电解低钛铝基合金的微观组织均匀，晶粒细化效果好，与熔配加钛的细化规律相同。

For the aged aluminum alloys which generally contain disc/plate-shaped or rod/needle-shaped precipitates, a model has been established, from the viewpoints of thermodynamics, kinetics and strengthening theory, to relate quantitatively the yield strength to the size, volume fraction and aspect ratio of precipitates which all were analytical associated with the chemical compositions of alloys, aging temperature and aging time. This model has been experimentally proved to well predict the variation of yield strength with the evolution of disc/plate-shaped or rod/needle-shaped precipitates for present Al-4. 62wt% Cu-0.65wt% Mg alloy aged at 513K and Al-1. 12wt% Mg0.57wt% Si alloy aged at 463K, respectively, and the yield strengths simulated by this model were also found to be in well agreement with previously measured values for a series of aged Al-Cu binary alloys, AA6061 and Al-Zn-Mg alloys.

以析出热力学、长大动力学及强化理论为基础，研究了含有盘/片状、棒/针状时效析出强化相铝合金在时效过程中时效析出相尺寸、体积分数和长径比等参数的演变及其对合金时效强化效果的影响，给出了合金成分、时效变量与微观组织参数之间非线性的解析表达关系式，进而从微观结构—宏观性能相结合的角度出发建立起了具有盘/片状、棒/针状时效析出相铝合金的时效工艺—屈服强度量化模型，并将该模型应用于不同温度、连续不同时间时效下Al-Cu二元系列合金、6061铝合金和Al-Zn-Mg系列合金的屈服强度预测，得到了与前人实测值吻合良好的结果。

The gaseous impurities in the alloys were well controlled with the sum of C, N and O less than 500wppm. For the first time it was found the strong interaction between Cr-Ti-CON, which reduces the mobility of Ti and CON, enhancing high-temperature strength and the aging-hardening property, and keeping the cold-work induced hardening at higher temperature. Aging-hardening could increase the tensile strength of V-4Cr-4Ti by 30% and could be utilized at 00 C for better economical performane of a vanadium structure. Hydrogen release will occur for the alloys tensile loaded at room temperature, which will affect the safety of a vanadium structure due to the resulting dimensional instability. For hydrogen embrittlement, impact toughness and fracture toughness of the alloy showed higher sensitivity than the tensile test elongation,so the toughness should be used as a new standard for the assessment of the embrittlement. Vanadium alloys were easily oxidized in air.

合金的气体杂质含量得到有效控制，C、N、O总量低于500wppm；首次发现Cr-Ti-CON之间的强相互作用，它使Ti、CON的高温可移动性降低，提高合金的高温强度、增强时效强化特性、使冷加工强化保持到更高温度；时效强化可使V-4Cr-4Ti的强度提高30%，可在低温（00C）下应用，提高构件的经济性；室温下，钒合金在拉应力的作用下，存在着氢释放，带来部件使用中的尺寸不稳定性，影响构件安全；氢脆是钒合金聚变应用的一个关键问题，合金的冲击韧性和断裂韧性表现出比拉伸延伸率更强的氢脆敏感性，应作为评价合金氢脆行为的新标准。

Suitable metals and alloys include aluminium, bronze, beryllium, chromium, columbium, constantan, copper and copper alloys, gold, nickel and nickel alloys, lead, magnesium, molybdenum, niobium, platinum, silver, stainless steel, mild steel, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zinc and zirconium.

适用于金属和合金包括铝，铜，铍，铬，铌，镍铜合金，铜及铜合金，金，镍和镍合金，铅，镁，钼，铌，铂，银，不锈钢，低碳钢，锡，钛，钨，钒，锌，锆。

The circulation, consumption and reproduction of the trilogy have not only testified to its historical significance and literariness, but also invested it with new meanings.

该三部曲的流通、消费与再生产不仅验证了其历史意义及文学性，而切还赋予它以新的意义。

If he thought that he could buy me off, he would be wrong.

如果他认为他可以收买我，那他就大错特错了。