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The results show t hat yttrium exists as the form of compound (Al2Y) in AZ31 magnesium alloy, and dystectic Al2Y as the heteromorphic nucleation emerges firstly in the cou rse of alloy precipitation, which refines the alloy's microstructure and obviou sly improves the mechanical properties at room and high temperature. The average grain size of AZ31 magnesium alloy containing Y is reduced by 35.82%. Tensile s trength, yield strength and elongation percentage reach 212 MPa, 147 MPa, and 7. 5% at room temperature respectively, and 117 MPa, 98 MPa, and 10.2% at 200 ℃ re spectively.

结果表明，Y在AZ31 镁合金中主要以块状Al2Y化合物形式存在；高熔点的Al2Y在合金凝固过程中首先析出，成为凝固的异质形核剂，从而细化了合金组织，改善了室温和高温力学性能；由于Y的强化，含Y AZ31镁合金平均晶粒尺寸降低幅度约为35.82 %；室温抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为 212 MPa， 147 MPa和7.5%，200 ℃时分别为117 MPa， 98 MPa和10.2%。

This means that the residual strain in rolled alloy promoted the aging process. The influence of aging temperature on the room-temperature mechanical properties of 1〓, 2〓 and 6〓 alloys was tested and the results show that the 1〓 alloy without minor element additive is very sensitive to the aging temperature. Over-aging occurred easily when the aging temperature is somewhat higher, so it is difficult to control the aging treatment in production. The 6〓 alloy with combined Mg, Cr, Co additives showed less tendency of over-aging, the alloy can be aged in a wider temperature range and the mechanical property is stable. So the treatment process can be easily controlled.

对不同微量添加元素的1〓、2〓和6〓三种合金经热轧态时效后的室温力学性能表明，不添加微量元素的1〓合金对时效温度较敏感，温度偏高时容易产生过时效，且过时效的温度明显低于加Mg的2〓合金和同时加Mg、Cr、Co的6〓合金，这对生产过程中的工艺控制增加了难度，6〓合金的过时效倾向最小，合金可以在较宽的温度范围内进行时效，力学性能较稳定，使生产工艺较易控制。

The present Cu-20Ni-25Co alloy forms a continuous of Co2O3 layers over the surface of alloy because Cu-20Ni-25Co alloy formed by adding Ni to Cu-Co alloy decrease the critical concentration of forming reactive component oxides.

这主要归因于向Cu-Co合金加入了第三组元Ni，降低了合金表面活泼组元形成氧化物所需的临界浓度，促使合金表面由混合氧化物膜向单一活泼组元氧化物膜的转化。

The result shows that modification can make the β-Si phase thin when the joining amount is 0.3wt%, making the best modification result. Alloying elements Mn and Ni are always used to neutralize iron"s harm in aluminum alloys. They can form many kinds of complicated metallically compounds with Fe and Al, and eliminate needle-like iron-rich phases to reduce iron"s harm in Al-Fe alloy. Copper makes the alloy microstructure thick and electromagnetic stirring obviously makes the alloy microstructure thin, round the second phase, when the stirring voltage is 200V, making the best result; Reheat makes liquid phases emerge in the alloy, when the warming temperature is 650?

研究结果表明：红磷可以明显细化合金中的初晶硅，当加入量为0.3wt%时，取得最佳变质效果；锰、镍合金中加入后，通过形成多种复杂金属间化合物，细化针片状富铁相，减小铁对铝硅合金性能的危害；铜使合金微观组织发生粗化；电磁搅拌明显细化合金组织，使第二相圆整化，搅拌电压为200V时，取得最佳细化效果；二次加热使合金组织中产生部分液相，在650？

Comparison of the data from diffusion experiments conducted on thin plates and powers ofthe Sm-Fe alloy and Sm-Fe-Zr alloy in nitrogenation reveal the behavior of N atoms in Sm-Fe alloy and Sm-Fe-Zr alloy.

通过Sm-Fe合金和Sm-Fe-Zr合金薄片试样和粉末粒子氮化过程中扩散实验的对比分析，揭示了N原子在Sm-Fe合金和Sm-Fe-Zr合金中的扩散行为。

The microstructure evolution and composition distribution of the 7A55 cast and homogenized alloy were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microcopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The homogenizing and overburnt temperatures of the alloy were determined. Meanwhile, the diffusion kinetics of the alloy elements during homogenizing treatment was investigated and the homogenizing kinetic equation was deduced according to Fick's First Law of diffusion. The diffusion of alloy elements, precipitation of Al3Zr particles and the conglomeration and globe of the insoluble phases were explained by the equation during homogenization.

摘 要：采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、透射电镜和X射线衍射分析等研究了7A55合金铸态与均匀化显微组织演化与成分分布，确定了该合金的均匀化处理温度与过烧温度，研究了铸锭均匀化动力学过程，利用菲克定理导出了均匀化动力学方程，利用动力学方程对均匀化过程中合金元素的扩散、 Al3Zr的析出、难熔相的聚集和球化现象进行了解释。

Iron-base fluxed alloy is produced by adding suitable amount of boron and silicon into iron-carbon alloy, which is usually used on the wearable and weak-acid-medium proofing accessories under 500℃. Although the performance of iron-base fluxed alloy can not match with that of the nickel or cobalt alloy, it has wide source materials and low prices, which is the great advantage for application.

铁基自熔性合金是铁——碳合金中加入一定量的硼、硅元素制成的，通常应用在常温——500℃以下耐磨损、耐弱酸腐蚀介质的机械零部件上，仅管铁基自熔性合金，综合性能不如镍、钴基合金，然而原料来源广泛，价格便宜，这是其得以普及应用的较大优势。

Taking the practice that uses liquating method to recycle magnesium alloy waste so as to produce AZ91 alloy for example, the work is done to compare the environmental impact of both primary magnesium alloy and recycled magnesium alloy.

以熔解法回收镁合金废料生产AZ91合金为例，比较了原生镁合金和再生镁合金的环境影响。

Microanalyses have shown that during brazing Ti in AgCuTi alloy transferred preferentially to the surface of the cBN grit, and bonding behavior on cBN surface by AgCuTi alloy filler metal is realized through TiN and TiB2 which are produced by interaction between Ti atoms of AgCuTi alloy and N or B atoms of cBN surface. Thus, the chemical metallurgic bonding has been formed in the interface between AgCuTi alloy and c-BN grit.

微观分析表明：钎焊过程中AgCuTi合金钎料中的Ti向cBN磨粒表面富集，并与cBN磨粒表面N和B元素发生反应，形成TiN和TiB2，实现了AgCuTi活性钎料与立方氮化硼磨粒的化学冶金结合。

The weight percentage for the components of the hyaline coating is as follows: SiO2 45 to 54 percent, B2O3 15 to 20 percent, one or more of Na2O, K2O and Li2O, 10 to 24 percent, one or more of TiO2, ZrO2 and ZnO, 6 to 18 percent , and the rest is one or more of CaO, MgO and CeO2. Firstly, the glass powder is mixed with the mill additions to be pulped and then plated on the surface of titanium or the titanium alloy. After being dried, the surface of titanium or the titanium alloy is directly used for a thermal hydrogen treatment or smelted at a temperature of 900 to 1, 000 DEG C for 15 to 30 minutes and then a hyaline coating with a thickness of 20 to 70 micrometers is formed on the surface of titanium or the titanium alloy; secondly, titanium or the titanium alloy plated with the coating is conducted a thermal hydrogen treatment. After the treatment technique is finished, the coating flakes off automatically in the process of cooling; and finally, a surface treatment is supplemented to meet the requirement of the workpiece surface.

该玻璃质涂层成分按重量百分比：45-54SiO2，15-20B2O3，10-24Na2O、K2O、Li2O中的一种或多种，6-18TiO2、ZrO2、ZnO中的一种或多种，余量CaO、MgO、CeO2一种或多种，将玻璃粉与磨加物混合制浆并涂覆在钛或钛合金表面，干燥后直接用于热氢处理，或在900-1000℃下熔烧15-30min，在钛或钛合金表面制得20-70微米玻璃质涂层，随后将制有该涂层的钛或钛合金置于氢气气氛下进行热氢处理，处理工艺结束后，涂层在冷却过程中自剥落，最后辅以表面处理即可满足工件表面要求。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。