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As the core of the social security system, social insurance includes old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance.

中国的社会保障体系包括社会保险、社会福利、优抚安置、社会救助和住房保障等。

Based on the research of current situation of risk management of capital allocation for commercial banks both at home and abroad at present, this paper put forward a unified VaR theory framework and model by using reserve for bad debts, capital at risk and deposit insurance system. The reserve for bad debts, capital at risk and deposit insurance system are used to execute grading risk prevention and to develop a comprehensive quantification method that executing risk management to commercial banks.

因此，在对目前国内外商业银行资本配置风险管理现状进行研究的基础上，本文提出了包含损失准备金、风险资本和存款保险的商业银行资本配置风险管理的统一的VaR理论框架和模型，用损失准备金、风险资本、存款保险制度来分级防范风险，并在此理论框架和模型下发展出完整的从资本配置的角度对商业银行进行风险管理的量化方法。

Aim at the reality of our country's construction market; the thesis discusses the need and pressure of establishing engineering insurance system. For the problems in developing engineering insurance market, the thesis gives advice on priority of choosing the type of insurance in China, by analyzing main risk in a project, using advanced experience of developed countries, and comparative research. Then, analyze the supervision of engineering insurance, and raise the point of designing the supervising system of it. This can protect its health development. At the same time, compare relative laws in this field in both China and other countries,then give suggestions on juristical problems of carrying out engineering insurance that should be solved immediately. It's the law protection of the system. At last, draw a conclusion at strategy and suggestion of establishing and carrying out the system.

本文针对目前我国建筑工程市场现存的问题，阐述推行工程保险的必要性和紧迫性；针对工程保险市场发展存在的问题，从主要的工程风险分析入手，借鉴国外发达国家的先进经验，在比较研究基础上，提出我国在险种选择和开展优先级别上的建议；在此基础上通过对工程保险监管的分析，提出构建我国工程保险监管制度的构想，从监管的角度为工程保险的发展提供良好的环境；同时再次运用比较的方法，从国内外工程保险相关法律异同分析，提出我国推行工程保险制度待解决的法律问题，为工程保险体系的构建提供法律保障；最后综合提出我国在推行构建工程保险制度的实施策略和建议。

Hereby,the research tries to construct a macro frame of agriculture insurance development by the planning of law status ,organization system,governmentail subsidy manner,reinsurance system and disaster risk fund;hereon,a regional diversity strategy on the development of Chinese agriculture insurance is put forward after the regional diversity design for supervision mode,management dealing,insurance policy and other aspects. It probes into the sity-four-dollar question—the diversity of regional subsidy standard,mainly from the rate division of agriculture insurance and regional difference amont farmer's payment ability. Finally,the objective mode is established for developing political agriculture insurance at different regions.

据此，本研究探讨设计了中国农业保险的法律地位、组织体系、政策补贴方式、再保险制度和巨灾风险基金制度，并尝试构建了农业保险发展的宏观框架；在此基础上，提出了中国农业保险发展的区域差异化策略，分别从监管模式、经营行为、保险政策等方面进行了区域差异化设计，并重点从农民支付能力的区域差距和农业保险费率分区两个方面，探讨了区域农业保险差异化发展的关键问题——区域补贴标准的差异化，进而探索设计了各区域政策性农业保险发展的目标模式。

In insurance mathematics,ruin theory is the mainly contents of insurance risk theory,as can supply a very useful early-warning measure for the risk of the insurance company,it has important theoretical and practical significance for the insurance company.

在保险数学中，破产理论是保险风险理论研究的重要问题，它可以为保险公司决策者提供一个非常有用的早期风险预警手段，因此对其进行研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。

The China Insurance Regulatory Commission will encourage insurance companies to gradually develop catastrophe insurance business via such measures as incentive policies, excess loss reinsurance and catastrophe insurance funds, so as to establish catastrophe risk guarantee mechanisms with pooled risk.

中国保险监督管理委员会将通过政策优惠、超额损失再保险、巨灾保险基金等方式，鼓励保险公司逐步开展巨灾保险业务，逐步建立风险共担的巨灾风险保障机制。

Since Insurance Fraud would strike the financial stability and security of an insurance company, it becomes kind of risk on company's management. This paper would be analyzing the practical operation of an insurance company and trying to find out the feasibility of Insurance Fraud Prevention by using various kinds of risk management countermeasures.

保险诈欺直接冲击的是保险公司的经营稳定性与安全性，对保险公司而言是经营上的风险，因此从风险管理的角度，分析保险公司的实务运作，探讨运用各种风险管理对策防制保险诈欺的可行性。

Personal loans business buyers will need at least three types of risk protection: First, the protection of property suffered major accidents and natural disasters, the risk of collateral damage to housing and property insurance; Second, lenders regular credit life insurance, primarily in the repayment period lenders due to illness or accidental injury of incapacity or death circumstances, to ensure safe recovery of bank loans, loans to family members can continue to live; Third, the performance bond purchase mortgage insurance, mainly because of the death of a guarantor when , unemployment and other reasons can not afford repayment agreement, the insurance companies on behalf of liquidity to banks than debt recovery at the same time exercise the right to receive from the collateral to the policyholder to recover compensation or reparations.

个人贷款业务的买家将至少需要三种类型的风险保障：第一，保护财产遭受重大事故和自然灾害的风险抵押损坏的住房和财产保险；第二，贷款人定期信用人寿保险，主要是在还款贷款期间因疾病或意外伤害的丧失工作能力或死亡的情况下，以确保安全收回银行贷款，贷款的家庭成员可以继续居住；第三，履约保证金购买按揭保险，这主要是因为死亡的担保人时，失业和其他原因不能还款协议，保险公司的名义向银行流动资金超过债务追偿同时行使的权利，接受该抵押给投保人收回补偿或赔偿。

Generally, the process of getting loans on the basis of the existence of different risk factors, personal loans purchase at least three types of business risk protection : First, the housing mortgage property insurance, the main victims of accidents and protect property damaged by natural disaster risks; Second, lenders regular credit life insurance, mainly in the loan owing on the loan period of injury as a result of illness or accident and incapacity or death of bank guarantee safe recovery loans to the families of those who continue to live; Third mortgage purchase insurance performance bond, mainly because when the guarantor of death, unemployment causes an inability owing on the loan, insurance companies on behalf of their debt to banks liquidated I, at the same time exercise the right to recover from the collateral, or to the insured recover compensation awards.

一般而言，根据贷款买房过程中存在的不同风险因素，个人贷款购房业务至少需要三类风险保障：一是抵押住房的财产保险，主要保障房产遭受意外事故和自然灾害毁损的风险；二是贷款者的定期信用人寿保险，主要是在还贷期内贷款人因疾病或意外伤害而丧失工作能力或死亡的情况下，保证银行能安全收回贷款，贷款者的家人能继续居住；三是抵押贷款购房履约保证保险，主要是在当被担保人因为死亡、失业等约定原因无力还贷时，保险公司代其向银行清偿余债，同时行使追偿权，从抵押物中得到补偿或向投保人追回赔款。

Personal loans business buyers will need at least three types of risk protection: First, housing and property mortgage insurance, the protection of property suffered major accidents and natural disasters, the risk of damage; Second Loan the regular credit life insurance, primarily in the loan repayment period, a result of illness or accidental injury and the incapacity or death, to ensure safe recovery of bank loans, loans to family members can continue to live; Third Mortgage purchase a performance bond insurance, mainly in when the guarantor because of death, causes of unemployment can not afford repayment agreement, the insurance companies on behalf of liquidity to banks than debt recovery at the same time exercise the right to receive from the collateral compensation or to the policyholders recover compensation.

个人贷款业务的买家将至少需要三种类型的风险保障：第一，住房和财产抵押贷款保险，保护财产遭受重大事故和自然灾害的风险损害；第二贷款定期信贷人寿保险，主要是在还款期内，因疾病或意外伤害和丧失工作能力或死亡，以确保安全收回银行贷款，贷款的家庭成员可以继续居住；第三按揭购买履约保证保险，主要是在当担保人，因为死亡，失业原因不能还款协议，保险公司的名义向银行流动资金超过债务追偿同时行使有权获得赔偿的抵押品或投保人赔偿。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。