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As the center or the Algebra subalgebra of a algebra plays an important role in reducing the number of state variables, the cartan subalgebra is a maximum Abelian subalgebra of an algebra, so it can be a powerful tool for the structure simplification of control systems.

由于代数的中心，或交换子代数在系统的变量降低方面具有重要作用，而Cartan子代数是李代数的极大交换子代数，因而它能成为简化系统结构的有力工具，第二部分利用向量场的积分曲线所定义的映射，构造出一个S—坐标，在该坐标下任一向量场都有一个标准的表示方法，一种无穷级数表示方法。

Vector is the new high school textbooks and the new one of the important contents, it is rich in physical background, it is the object of study algebra, and geometry is the object of study is set,"the number of Form" in a mathematical concept of an abstract algebra, linear algebra and functional analysis of the basic mathematical model.

向量是高中新教材中新增加的重要内容之一，它有着丰富的物理背景，它既是代数研究的对象，又是几何研究的对象，是集"数、形"于一身的数学概念，是抽象代数、线性代数、泛函分析中的基本数学模型。

The thesis studies the formation of several basic algebraic terms such as "algebra","equation" in the book of Elements of Algebra and Algebra.

本文的研究表明，术语与其所表述的数学内容之间的差异反映当时数学术语在翻译时不能保证单义性和系统性。

Weak quasi-bialgebra (quasi-Ilopf algebra) is an associative algebra with unit 1 a non-unital algebra map i.

弱拟双代数是一个具有单位1的结合代数，具有余乘法与余单位。

Firstly,a involution on Universal Clifford algebra 〓 is introduced.then we equip a inner product and the corresponding two equivalent norms onUniversal Clifford algebra 〓,and then we prove that Universal Cliffordalgebra 〓 is a Banach algebra with one of the above norms,these resultsare very important for further study in this field.

第一，本文创造性地准确地给出了在少Clifford代数〓上的一个对合运算表示，由此，我们给出了在泛Clifford代数〓上的一个内积，然后给出了相应的在泛Clifford代数〓上的两个等价的范数，并证明了若在〓上赋予其中的一个范数，则〓是一个Banach代数，这为在泛Clifford分析中进一步开展工作奠定了初步的基础。

Next, we discuss the relations between left quasi-dual bimodules and left dual-bimodules, we obtain that a left quasi-dual bimodule is a left dual bimodule if it satisfies one of the following conditions: sM is minimal injective and MR is a M-minimal injective kasch-module; MR is a M-minimal injective kasch-module and for any two ideals LI and L2 ofSS rM(L1 n L2)-rw(L1)+rM(I2); sM is minimal injective and for any two submodules A and B of MR,Lastly, we applicate the quasi-duality on smash product algebra R#H, and obtain an answer of the semiprime problem, i.e., let H be a finite-dimensional semisimple Hopf algebra and R be an H-module algebra, if R is left quasi-dual and semiprime, then R#H is semiprime.

我们得到：一个左拟对偶双边模如果满足下列条件之一，则它将成为一个左对偶双边模：_sM是单内射的并且M_R是一个M-单内射kasch-模；M_R是一个M-单内射kasch-模并且对_sS的任意两个理想，有r_M(L_1∩L_2)=r_M(L_1)+r_M(L_2)；_sM是单内射的且对M_R的任意两个子模，有l_s=l_s+l_s。2 在第2.3节中我们将拟对偶性应用于smash积代数R#H，部分解决了半素问题。

Theorem C: The commutator algebra of so *(2 n ) is its own, and the commutator algebra ofand the commutator algebra of Theorem D: The Cartan subalgebra ofand the Cartan subalgebra of Theorem E: The structural formula of

定理C so *(2 n )的换位子代数就是其本身， g *(2 n， S ， C )的换位子代数为g *(2 n + 1， S ， C)的换位子代数为定理D so *(2 n )和g *(2 n ， S ， C )的Cartan子代数是定理E so *(2 n )和g * m， S ，(来源：AB78C论文网www.abclunwen.comC 的结构公式都是来源：A6bBCe9论文网www.abclunwen.com

Ringel has given and studied the N_0I-graded twisted coalgebra and Ringel-Hall algebra in the reference [1]. Subsequently, people found that there is an analogy between Ringel-Hall algebra and Hopf algebra, and then they introduced the concept of twisted Hopf algebras and bitwisted Hopf algebras, and worked on them.

Ringel在[1]中引入并研究了N_0I-分次扭的余代数和Ringel-Hall代数，后来人们发现Ringel-Hall代数有类似Hopf代数的结构，随后，扭Hopf代数、双扭Hopf代数先后被引入和研究。

By utilizing the concepts and methods developed in Algebra Topology,Algebra Geometry and Algebra Representations,we first depicted the concepts and results of Incidence Algebra which reflects the linear structure of underlying posets and Sheaf theory which reflects the topological structure of underlying poset in the framework of Category Theory.

本文综合运用了代数拓扑、代数几何及代数表示论里发展起来的概念与方法，首先在范畴的框架下，对和偏序集的线性结构密切相关的Incidence代数，及与偏序集的拓扑结构紧密联系的层，进行了刻画。

Explicitly, they are consist of three classes: If H is semisimple, then H k* for some finite group; If H is not semisimple and the characteristic of k is zero, then H is isomorphic the dual of the cross product between one so called Andruskiewitsch-Schneider algebra and a group algebra; If H is not semisimple and the characteristic of k is not zero, then H is isomorphic the dual of the cross product between one special algebra and a group algebra.

具体地讲，它们共(来源：5fbfA02BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)分三类：①如果H是半单的，则H同构与一个群代数的对偶；②如果H是非半单的并且基础域的特征是0的话，则H同构一个所谓Andruskiewitsch-Schneider代数与一个群代数交差积的对偶；③如果H是非半单的并且基础域的特征不是0的话，则H同构于某个特定代数与一个群代数交差积的对偶。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷