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Based on dynamic load calculation and the cooling and heating characteristic curve of the practical air/water heat pump residential central air conditioning, this paper calculates hiemal and aestival electric consumption and seasonal efficiency of air/water heat pump residential central air conditioning, and compares its economy with that of separate type room air conditioner .

在动态负荷计算的基础上，按实际运行的空气/水型户式空调机组的制热与制冷特性曲线，计算了该种户式中央空调系统冬夏季耗电量与季节效率HSPF及SEER，并在此基础上与采用分体式空调器方案作了经济性比较。结果表明，在具有典型夏热冬冷气候特点的湖南衡阳地区，住宅建筑空调采用空气/水热泵型户式中央空调系统是可行的

In the end author points out that air-to-water heat pump is worthy of being recommended in Taiyuan market. central air conditioning,air conditioning of variable refrigerant volume,air-line system,air-to-water heat pump

它具有普通分体空调和中央空调的双重优势，在价位的取向上主要是针对较高收入的工薪阶层、私营企业主、高级白领以及其他高收入人群，虽然目前价位相对普通空调要高，但随着我国市场经济的高速发展、人民生活水平的

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

The experiment results prove that the boiler coking is largely reduced and the temperature difference of two sides of horizontal gas-pass is very small, when the 330MW boiler operate, the pressure of primary hot air parison is controlled beyond 12.0～12.5KPa, the O2 content of air pheheater is controlled about 3.0%, the door of OFA is opened to 30%, the buffle of the inner secondary air sleeve is adjusted to the minimum, the outer secondary air swirling strength and the baffle of the outer secondary air sleeve is regulated to the maximum and the outlet temperature of pulvervised mill is kept in 70℃.

试验结果表明，330MW运行时，一次热风母管压力控制在12.0～12.5kPa以上、空气预热器实际氧量控制在3.0％左右、燃尽风门开至30％、内二次风量套筒挡板调整在最小、外二次旋流强度和外二次风套筒挡板调整到最大、磨煤机出口温度维持在70℃，此时锅炉结焦大幅度减轻，水平烟道两侧烟温差非常小。优化试验完成后，进行了单烧灵武烟煤对比，结果是：掺烧高灰熔点的银北煤后，炉膛结焦大幅度减轻，锅炉过热器减温水量较小，主蒸汽压力易提高，带负荷能力正常；再热器烟气挡板开度较大、减温水量较小；风机电耗较小。

Before the teaching activity, students' misconceptions of "air" concept mainly be, the student thinks the air isn't a kind of material, so the air isn't condensability, don't occupying space, and can't speaking out air current can be become common practice with form, its cause was that: the basic concept for air's quality was wrong and students always conducted incorrect judgment due to the ambiguity of literate meanings.

本研究的结果发现：学童在教学活动之前，有关「空气」的迷思概念主要是，学童认为空气不是一种物质，所以空气不可压缩，不占有空间，并无法说出空气流动可以形成风；其成因是：气体基本性质概念错误和常因字义不清而下判断错误。

Some parameters such as Indoor radiation heat transfer, convective heat transfer, MRT, OT, radiation heat transfer coefficient, convective heat transfer coefficient, and PMV-PPD were calculated under a steady condition. From the result, we can conclude, when operation under the combination system and worst-case test, if floor temperature is about 21℃, supply air temperature is 21℃, air velocity is 1m/s, the equlvalent coefficient of heat transfer between floor temperature and OT is 13.6w/m2k, where 5.68w/m2k is equlvalent coefficient of radiant heat transfer, 9.48w/m2k is convective heat transfer coefficient. And when air velocity is higher, supply air temperature is lower, the radiant heat transfer between floor and others is lower. In the whole experiment, the floor temperature was keeping above the indoor air dew point, and condensation was not appeared.

通过分析计算，在复合式系统运行中，最不利室外环境下，当地面温度维持在21℃左右，送风温度21℃，送风风速1m/s，此时地板对作用温度的当量综合换热系数为13.6w/m2k，其中当量辐射换热系数为5.68w/m2k，对流换热系数为9.48w/m2k，并且送风速度越高、送风温度越低，地板与其他壁面的辐射换热量有一定程度的降低，但总供冷量增加；在整个实验中地板温度始终高于地板上层空气的露点温度，并未发现有结露现象；室内空气温度梯度能满足0.1m-1.1m的温差小于3℃的要求，并且适当提高送风温度可以进一步提高人体的热舒适性。

The management and maintenance of air condi-tioning equipments in the air conditioning train should be strengthened,so that they could be enabled to achieve the good running status,the function of increase degree of humidity of the air conditioning equip-ments should be started when heating in winter;and ventilates and air exchange of air conditioning pas-senger train waited for further improvement to maintain good air quality.

应加强空调列车空调设备的管理和保养，使其能够达到良好运行状态，在冬季取暖时应开启空调设备的加湿功能；要维持良好的空气质量，空调旅客列车的通风换气有待进一步改善。

Discusses the impact on the indoor particle pollutant from fresh air volume,fresh air filtration efficiency and outdoor air particle in the FCU+OA and two kinds of VAV air-conditioning systems. At the end of this paper it is poinped out that all-air system with mid-filtration can improve the capability of fresh air dilution and re indoor particle in a great deal and thus satisfy the requirements of health and comfort of occupants.

着重探讨了风机盘管加新风的空调系统和两种变风量空调系统形式中，新风量、新风过滤效率和室外含尘粒子对室内颗粒污染物的影响，最后指出对一次、二次风的混合风进行中效过滤的全空气系统，能够明显提高新风稀释和排除室内粉尘的能力，完全能够满足用户对环境日益增加的健康和舒适方面的要求。

Aiming at the condition that the power of air conditioning in locomotive is especial, the cooling medium is mostly chemicals and the systems are complex, in this paper, a wholly fresh air scheme is brought up for air conditioning system in locomotive drive-cab on the basis of the intermittent working of the air compressor, taking high-pressure air as power source and combining compressed-air refrigeration technique and gas injection technique, without supplying external electric apparatus.

针对现有机车空调系统电源特殊、冷媒多为化学制剂、系统复杂的状况，利用机车制动系统空气压缩机间歇工作的特点，以高压空气为动力源，有机地结合压缩空气制冷技术和气体喷射技术，提出了一套无需外加电气设备、全新风的机车司机室空调系统方案，并介绍了该系统的设计方法和气体喷射器的设计过程，为进一步深入研究奠定了基础。

The objective is, based on the classification of airspace, to establish an En-route Control Area, Terminal/Approach Control Area, Airdrome Tower Control Area three-grade air traffic control areas;and then to establish an En-route Air Traffic Control Center, Terminal/Approach Air Traffic Control Center, Airdrome Tower Control Center three-grade air traffic control organization;To establish a reasonable backup mechanism and reduce the number of En-route Air Traffic Control Centers, finally to improve the quality of air traffic services.

本文系统地阐述了对管制区域重组战略目标所涉及的各子系统的考虑，重点分析了民航空中交通管理系统的运行体制、文化重组，并对战略实施过程进行了设计。空中交通管制区域的重组战略问题必须抛开部门利益的制约，站在国家利益的高度上，宏观长远地谋划。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。