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The accentuation of vascular sensitivity to α2-AR agonist may be one of the mechanisms of abdominal aorta hyperreactivity.

对α2-AR之激动剂敏感性上调可能是高位SCT大鼠腹主动脉高反应性的原因，而α1-AR在血管高反应性中不起作用。

The affected chicks acquired the morphine conditioned place preference more quickly, and maintained it much longer. Experiment 3 showed that during E5-8, injecting delta receptor antagonist naltrindole reversed the learning and memory impairment caused by morphine while delta receptor agonist DPDPE impaired learning and partial memory function. On the other hand, mu opioid receptors had little effect. As for E17-20, given naloxonazine can reverse the increases of susceptibility to morphine, and the mu receptor agonist DAGO cause the increases of susceptibility to morphine. Delta receptors have no effect.

研究结果发现：经过对鸡胚发育不同时间段的吗啡给药，胚胎期发育E5-8阶段给予吗啡的小鸡学习记忆受损最为严重，表现为学习和记忆功能的严重下降；而E17-20时段吗啡给药的小鸡更容易获得吗啡CPP且保持时间更长。E5-8阶段给予delta受体拮抗剂natrindole能够翻转吗啡对学习和记忆的损害作用，并且给予delta受体激动剂DPDPE也损害学习和部分记忆功能，mu受体作用不大。E17-20阶段拮抗mu受体能够抑制成瘾易感性的增加，激动mu受体可以增加小鸡的成瘾易感性，delta受体没有明显作用。

Furthermore, agonist induced internalization of DOR, but KOR failed to be internalized after agonist stimulation.

而在共转GRK2和GRK5质粒的细胞中，在U69593或Dynorphin A的刺激后，未观察到KOR的磷酸化。

Results:①In normal extracellular solution, the non-selective cholinergic agonist acetylcholine and the muscarinic agonist muscarine both caused the increace of [Ca2+]i in separately 21 out of 25 and 14 out of 18 VHCs I, while only 3 out of 20 and 2 out of 16 VHCs I had a weak increase of [Ca2+]i if investigated in calcium free extracellular solution; nicotine could increase the [Ca2+]i in 7 out of 32 VHCsⅠonly at enough high concentration(up to 10 mmol/L) in normal extracellular solution, this [Ca~(2+)]_i increase by nicotine at high concentration could not be investigated if at calcium free solution.

结果①非选择性胆碱能受体激动剂乙酰胆碱、M型胆碱能受体激动剂毒蕈碱在正常细胞外液中均可引起大部分(21/25， 14/18)单离VHCⅠ[Ca~(2+)]_i的升高，但无钙外液中ACh、muscarine仅使少部分(3/20，2/16)VHCⅠ[Ca~(2+)]_i升高且作用减弱；正常外液中，N型受体激动剂尼古丁仅在高浓度(≥10 mmol/L)时引起部分(7/32) VHCⅠ[Ca~(2+)]_i升高，在低浓度时对胞内钙离子浓度影响不明显，无钙外液中，10 mmol/L nicotine对胞内钙离子浓度影响不明显。

Intravoneous injection of 0.5mg/kgBW jingsongling cause the 60 minutesrelaxation of goat gastric motor.The effects of jingsongling on the gastric motor ofgoat is major of effects of α2 -adrenoceptor agonist,as well as that of α1 -adrenoceptor agonist,the effects of α1 -adrenoceptor agonist concentrate at thecardic and pylorus;the function of α2 -adrenoceptor exit widely at cardic,pylorus,rumen,reticulum,omasum and abomasum,the function at different part is not the same.The lowestdose of jingsonglinginhibiting the amplitude and frequency of the gastricmyoelectric is 0.01mg/kgBW;the influence of jingsonglingto the gastricmotility of goat is dose-dependent,and the amplitude regain after the frequency ofgastric myoelectriv wave.When the goat revived,the gastric motor function is notreach the level of the normal;the major reason ofjingsongling cause the goat gastricrelaxation is the amplitude renew slowly.The intravoneous injection ofjingsonglingfirst,after 5 minutes,intravoneous injection the antagonist,the effect of prazosin and idazoxan mixed is best,which can fast reversal of theinhibition of jingsongling on the gastric motor of goat,the effects of idazoxan isgood,and the prazosin block the effection of jingsongling is better than that ofxylazine,especially at cardia and pylorus.When intravoneous injection of0.5mg/kgBW idazoxan and/or prazosin only,the amplitude of gastric myoelectric ingoat increases at a certain degree,but the frequency is not changed.

静脉注射0.5mk/kgBW的静松灵引起山羊胃蠕动弛缓长达60分钟；静脉注射0.5mg/kgBW的静松灵对山羊胃蠕动机能的影响是以α2肾上腺素受体作用为主的，兼有α1肾上腺素受体的作用，而且静松灵的α1肾上腺素受体的作用主要集中在幽门和贲门；α2肾上腺素受体的作用广泛存在于贲门、瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃和幽门中，不同部位间有功能上的差异；静注0.01mg/kgBW的静松灵是对山羊的贲门、瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃和幽门的肌电波频率和振幅均产生影响的最低剂量；静注一定剂量的静松灵对山羊胃蠕动的抑制作用与剂量呈相关性；而且山羊胃肌电波振幅的恢复比肌电波频率的恢复慢；苏醒时山羊的胃蠕动机能尚未恢复到正常状态；静松灵引起山羊胃弛缓的主要原因是由于胃肌电波的振幅恢复慢；静注0.5mg/kgBW的静松灵，5分钟后静注0.5mg/kgBW的拮抗剂时，咪唑克生+哌唑嗪的作用最好，能迅速地逆转静松灵对山羊胃蠕动的抑制作用，咪唑克生也有很强的拮抗作用，而哌唑嗪对静松灵的拮抗效果好于对隆朋的拮抗；单独静注0.5mg/kgBW的咪唑克生和/或哌唑嗪时，山羊的瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、贲门和幽门的肌电波振幅有一定程度的增强，而肌电波频率未见变化。

The effect of progesterone could be potentiated by GABA A receptor agonist muscimol and antagonized by GABA A receptor antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin as well as GABA B receptor agonist baclofen. The effect of progesterone and the actions of these drugs mainly manifested in the concentration range of progesterone 0 01～0 05 μmol/L.

该作用可被氨基丁酸A受体激动剂蝇蕈醇加强，被氨基丁酸A受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱和印防己毒素以及氨基丁酸B受体激动剂巴氯芬阻断，而且孕酮的效应以及各药物对其的影响均集中在0.01～0.05 μmol/L孕酮浓度中较为明显。

"Apraclonidine, a selective alpha-2-agonist, was developed to lower intraocular pressure and minimize the systemic side effects associated with the use of its parent drug, clonidine," write Patrick Watts, MBBS, MS, from the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff, United Kingdom, and colleagues."An investigation of the site of action of apraclonidine incidentally uncovered a reversal of anisocoria in patients with absent sympathetic innervation of one pupil due to its alpha-1-effect on a pupil with denervation supersensitivity.... The easy availability of apraclonidine, its mild alpha-1-agonist activity, and its hitherto benign safety profile has encouraged its use as a first-line drug in the diagnosis of oculosympathetic paralysis."

英国加地夫市威尔斯大学附设医院的外科学硕士Patrick Watts及研究同仁指出，Apraclonidine是一种选择性的α-2-拮抗剂，是用来降低眼内压，并减少其母系药物降保适使用上的相关全身性副作用；在一项针对apraclonidine作用位置的研究中，因其单侧瞳孔神经切除之α-1-效应，而附带提出单侧瞳孔无交感神经支配患者之瞳孔大小不等为可逆转，apraclonidine之高可利用率，其轻微的α-1-拮抗活性，以及迄今良好的用药安全档案，更强化其作为视交感神经瘫痪诊断第一线药物的使用率。

Using whole-cell patch clamp recording, we observed multiple distinct ATPinduced currents in isolated DRG neurons of adult rats, each with unique desensitizing kinetics.β,γ-meATP, agonist of P2X1 receptor also induced fast inactivating and slowly desensitization current in small DRG neurons. PDBu, a selective agonist for PKC, decreased the P2X receptor-mediated inward currents in a dose-dependent manner, while SNP, nitric oxide donor, potentiated the ATP-evoked current through NO-cGMP pathway.

全细胞膜片钳记录观察到，在成年鼠离体DRG伤害性感受相关的小直径神经元上，ATP可诱导出多种具不同反应型式及脱敏动力学的由P2X受体介导的内向流；P2X1受体激动剂β，γ-meATP亦可诱导出快脱敏及慢脱敏两种型式的内向流；PKC激动剂可剂量依赖地削弱P2X受体介导的内向流，而NO供体硝普钠可通过NO-cGMP通途显著易化ATP介导的内向流。

In early development stage, muscarinic agonist carbachol significantly decreased the magnitude of the pacemaker current If but had no effect in late development stage.

我们发现，在胚胎发育的早期阶段，M胆碱能受体激动剂(muscarinic agonist carbachol，CCh)明显抑制If，但在胚胎发育的晚期阶段，CCh对If的抑制作用消失。

The present study investigated the effects of a specific COX-2 inhabitor(NS-398) and a selected PPARγagonist on the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer SW1990 cell line to examine whether the two non-celltoxicity agents have synergistic anticancer role, so as to establish the experimental bases for application PPARγagonist associating with specific COX-2 inhabitor in treating pancreatic cancer.

本课题研究特异性COX-2抑制剂NS-398和PPARγ激动剂罗格列酮对人胰腺腺癌细胞系SW1990增殖、凋亡的影响，旨在明确两种非细胞毒性药物对胰腺癌有无协同抗癌作用，为临床联合应用特异性COX-2抑制剂和PPARγ激动剂防治胰腺癌提供实验依据。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。