查询词典 admissible deformation

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

Through literatures and examples, this study may generalize six concrete formulae of anamorphosis: deconstruction, deformation, generation, reconstruction, germination, transformation and the abstract conceptual mimicry.

本创作运用视觉形态观察法，分析脏器原型与拟态对象；透过相关理论及实例，归纳出拟态在视觉设计上的六种具象形变法则：解构、变形、增生、重组、繁衍、转化及抽象的观念拟态。

The results show that: the degree of deformation and yield-region will decrease as the fraction coefficients increasing; the influence of fraction coefficient f1 between clip-pieces and anchor plate is more remarkable than f2 between anchor plate and under board, the influence of f2 can be negligible.

有限元分析结果表明：随着摩擦系数的增大，锚环的变形和塑性屈服区域面积将逐渐减小；夹片与锚环之间摩擦系数f_1对锚具特性的影响要比垫板与锚环之间摩擦系数f_2所产生的影响要显著得多，后者的影响几乎可以忽略。

We are accordingly right 30 bodies, in all the upper limbs of 60 bodies undertakes venous anatomizes observation in the middle of ancon, report as follows now. 1 material and method 1 material of 1 · is grown of the body bilateral upper limbs, male 21, female 9, in all 60 side, immerse via formalin, anticorrosive, fixed, without operation scar and exterior deformation. 2 methods of 1 · issue trend of 5cm edge vein to come off from ancon horizontal grain, expose to with expensive want vein to hand in collect place.

因此我们对30具尸体，共60例尸体的上肢进行肘正中静脉的解剖观察，现报告如下。1材料和方法1·1材料成年尸体的双侧上肢，男21具，女9具，共60侧，经福尔马林浸泡、防腐、固定，无手术瘢痕及外观畸形。1·2方法从肘横纹下5cm沿静脉走向剥离，暴露至和贵要静脉交汇处。

In this paper, the deformation phenomena revealed by surface excavation and underground galleries were described in detail including variation of the dip angle and rock mass structure.

本文通过细致的野外调查，揭示了一类发育深度较大的大规模倾倒变形破坏。

For the present problem of most Xi\'an metro lines passing obliquely through manyactive ground fissure zones,the effect of intersection angle with active ground fissure ofmetro tunnel on metro tunnel lining structure is studied with FEM,and the deformation andfailure characteristics and ranges of influence zones of tunnel are determined.

5针对西安地铁大多数线路斜交穿越地裂缝带的现状，采用有限元数值模拟方法揭示了地铁隧道与地裂缝斜交角度θ对地铁隧道衬砌结构变形破坏的影响规律。

The mechanics model of a ball screw was developed considering the factor of lead angle,and the main curvature of the helical surface was deduced using differential geometry method,and the effect of lead angle on the elastic deformation was analyzed.

考虑螺旋升角的因素，建立了滚珠丝杠副的受力模型，应用微分几何理论推导了螺旋面的主曲率，并进一步分析了螺旋升角对滚珠丝杠副弹性变形的影响。

As applications, the 2nd elastic moduli are used to explain the effect of chiral angle on asymmetry behavior of torsion, and finite deformation problems of single-walled carbon nanotubes are successfully simulated by the thin shell model.

作为应用：利用面内的2阶模量解释了纳米管螺旋角相关的力学行为：扭转不对称现象。利用薄壳模型成功模拟了单壁纳米管的大变形弹性失稳行为。

The relationship between inter-story torsion angle and torsion deformation ratio is deduced base on the rule of irregular plan structures in China tall building technical specification. Considering the inter-story ratio limitation of different performance levels under different earthquake hazard levels, a series of torsion angle demand curves are established and a new method named as Torsion Angle Capacity Spectrum is put forward for the PBSD of irregular plan frame structures.

从现行规范对平面不规则结构的限制条件出发，推导出了结构层间扭转角与扭转位移比的关系式，结合框架结构在不同性能水平下的层间侧移角限值，建立了平面不规则框架结构在不同地震作用水平下的扭转角需求曲线，提出了扭转角能力谱法。

It is easily used. And very little angle deformation of bending plate can be measured with high accuracy ±0.01°.

使用证明，它操作简单，能准确实时地测量微小角变形数据，测量精度达±0.01°。

Alternatively, the con- trollers can use the synchronous rectifier itself or loss- less inductor current-sensing methods to provide overload protection with lower power dissipation.

另外，康威特罗勒斯可以使用同步整流器本身或亏损减少电感电流检测方法，以提供低功耗过载保护。

Mr. Dauber's other Schatz hangs in his home movie studio.

多伯把沙兹的另一件作品挂在家里的电影室。