查询词典 adjoint operator

Then, the relations between the general nonlinear systems and its adjoint system were discussed, from which the sufficient and necessity conditions for exact linearization of general nonlinear control systems were obtained.

近20年来，由于微分几何等数学工具的引入，非线性控制系统的理论取得了长足的进展［1］，其中包括仿射非线性系统的精确线性化［2～4］。

Adjoint model ; assimilation system ; model error ; matching terrain

伴随模式；同化系统；模式误差；匹配地形

The results indicate that the adding of conventional and non-conventional observations into adjoint model system can improve the quality of initial field,thereof improve the result of forecasting.

试验表明：在伴随模式同化系统中加入常规和非常规资料，可以改进初始场，从而改善预报场。

Then, the relations between the general nonlinear systems and its adjoint system were discussed, from which the sufficient and necessity conditions for exact linearization of general nonlinear control systems were obtained. The conclusions include the corresponding results of the affine nonlinear systems.

引入一类相关的仿射非线性系统，通过研究一般非线性系统与其伴随系统的关系，利用伴随系统的精确线性化结论，获得一般非线性系统精确线性化的充要条件，其结果包含了仿射非线性系统的已有结果。

Data assimilation ; adjoint model assimilation system ; precipitable water

资料同化；伴随模式同化系统；可降水量

Base on the actual condition, we analyze the Doppler-radar detection data of a hail in Pingliang city on July 24,2007 during the field observation in Pingliang city, and then analyze the structure of three-dimension wind field , that retrieved from the Simple Adjoint method, of this system.

中文摘要根据实际情况，本文利用2007年6月-9月期间的平凉野外观测实验中观测到的一次冰雹过程（7月24日）探测资料，对个例的雷达观测结果进行分析，并用简单共轭方法对两次过程进行了三维风场的反演，分析了系统的风场结构。

Exact linearization problems of general nonlinear control systems were discussed. At first, it defined an adjoint system by introducing an affine nonlinear system.

摘 要：讨论了一般非线性控制系统状态方程无反馈精确线性化及反馈精确线性化。

In the second chapter, the problem of the optimal inputting rate control for a class of competitive population dynamics system with age-structure is discussed. By means of characteristic line, Gronwall Lemma, Bellman Lemma, adjoint system and so on, the Lipschitz continuity properties of the system in terms of the control variable is certificated, and the necessary condition of the optimal control is obtained.

第二章讨论了一类具有年龄结构的竞争种群系统最优输入率控制问题，综合应用特征线法，Gronwall引理，Bellman引理，共轭系统等知识，证明了系统解关于控制变量的Lipschitz连续性，给出了控制为最优的必要条件。

In this paper, the MM5 Adjoint Assimilation System is used to correct MM5's terrain error. The experimental results of amending different initial terrain data indicate that: the MM5 AAS is able to retrieve the terrain field, whose resolution is matched with one of the initial meteorological element field and therefore well coordinated with the MM5 model. Thus a new way about how to widely use the assimilation system is offered in this paper.

将伴随模式同化系统应用于修正模式地形误差，通过对不同初始地形的修正试验表明，MM5伴随模式同化系统能很好地对地形误差进行修正，能够反演出与初始气象要素场分辨率相匹配、与模式更协调的地形场，为伴随模式同化系统的广泛应用提供了一种新的思路。

The formal solution of partial differential equations is given on characteristic line, the existence of the optimal control is proven by using Ekeland\'s variational principle, Gronwall Lemma and adjoint system, then the necessary condition of optimality is obtained by means of the conception of normal cone.

用特征线法表示出偏微分方程的形式解，利用Ekeland变分原理，Gronwall引理和共轭系统证明了最优控制的存在性，并借助于法锥概念得到了最优控制的必要性条件。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48