查询词典 activation energy

The activated or leached process and their influence elements are studied by 1DREACT software package of coupled mass/heat transfer and chemical reaction dynamics of water-rock interaction, according to the geological and geochemical characters of fine disseminated gold deposits.(1) Water-rock reaction time is not the important influence element of activating gold;(2) At first, activating capability of hydrothermal solution increases with the increasing of total sulfur activity; after lga〓≥-4, the content of activated gold in solution is mainly related to original content of gold in wall rock, and does not visibly dependent on total sulfur activity.(3) It is a complicated nonlinear process of influence of activating gold capacity of hydrothermal solution with the change of temperature, in general, 220 ℃ is most favorable to gold activation.(4) The influence of oxygen fugacity on gold activation has a multiple functions coupling nonlinear effect, in general, Igfo〓=-41 is most favorable to gold activation.(5) Solubility of gold in fluid decreases with the increasing of velocity of flow, the product of velocity and aurous solubility reaches maximum when velocity is 0.2～0.5m〓m〓. yr〓, i. e. this scope of velocity is most favorable to gold activation.

利用1DREACT水-岩相互作用反应-输运耦合动力学软件包，根据微细浸染型金矿床地质地球化学特征，计算机模拟研究了金的活化、浸取过程及其影响因素，发现：(1)金活化过程中水-岩反应时间不是其主要制约因素；(2)热液对金的活化能力开始随总硫活度的增高而增高，当lg a〓≥-4后，热液中活化金的含量将主要与围岩中金的初始丰度有关，而对总硫活度无明显依赖关系；(3)温度对热液浸金能力的影响是一个复杂的非线性过程，总体而言，220℃最有利于金的活化；(4)氧逸度对金活化的影响呈现出一种多因素叠加的非线性效应，总体而言，lgfo〓＝-41最有利于金的活化与浸取；(5)流体中金的浓度随流体流速的加快而降低，流速与金浓度的乘积在流速为0.2～0.5m〓m〓。yr〓时达到极大，即0.2～0.5m〓m〓。yr〓的流速范围最有利于本类矿床的金的活化。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

And energy sources are an important indemnitor to actualize the target. There are kinds of energy issues in the development these years. These issues include the gap issue between energy supply and demand, the structure issue of energy;the distributing issue of energy, per capital issues of energy,the efficiency issue of energy,and the proportion consume issue of energy.

中国正在向全面建设小康社会的伟大目标而奋进，能源是实现这一目标的重要保障，但是我国在多年的发展过程中还存在许多能源问题，这些问题主要包括能源缺口问题、能源结构问题、能源分布问题、能源人均问题、能源效率问题以及能源消耗比重问题。

Besides,maximal obstacle facing our country and Shanxi Province's energy conservation job is that the law guarantee is insufficient:(1)Our country's supporting system of energy conservation law and regulation is extremely not perfect;(2) our country's Constitution does not make the energy conservation legal status clearly,so that the legislation orientation of energy conservation law insists to hang down;(3)The maneuverability of current energy conservation law is not good;(4)It exists the phenomena of coyoting of Shanxi Province' coal resource and disorder construction of the sources of energy field,it lacks branch law and regulation,technical norms,energy conservation check mechanism of the relevance industry field on energy conservation.

此外，我国与山西省节能工作面临的最大障碍就是法律保障不足：①我国节能法规配套体系很不完善；②我国宪法没有明确节能的法律地位，导致节能法的立法定位偏低；③现行节能法可操作性差；④山西省煤炭等资源的滥采乱挖和能源领域的无序建设普遍存在，缺乏节能相关行业领域的部门法规、技术标准、节能考核机制。

The electronic product is developed that the design and process produces, and chiefly includes: the ware is ringed a bell by the electronics with the intelligent announcing system of numeral in campus, and ontrolling ware, time relay during industry, the industry temperature is controlled the ware, and the solar energy goes out the insect lamp, solar energy signal lamp to the solar energy courtyard lamp to the solar energy street lamp to the solar energy chilly wind headgear to the solar energy cell to the electrical machinery protection ware to the liquid place automatic controller with the lamp on solar energy lawn the solar energy power supply system, and various model battery-charging units and contrary becomes the power supply, and An guards against the warning device to the manostat, and the top grade distant range does not have the thread microphone, the various automatic switches.

电子产品开发设计及加工生产，主要包括：校园数码智能广播系统，电子打铃器，工业时控器，时间继电器，工业温控器，液位自动控制器，电机保护器，太阳能电池，太阳能凉风帽，太阳能供电系统，太阳能路灯，太阳能庭院灯，太阳能草坪灯，太阳能灭虫灯，太阳能信号灯，各种型号充电机、逆变电源，稳压器，安防报警器，高档远距离无线话筒，各种自动开关。

The calculated results with B3LYP/6-31G-DFT show:(1)the molecular total energy of benzofuroxan is lower than that of o-dinitrosobenzene;(2)the activation energy(Ea+=51.0kJ/mol)of forward reaction that benzofuroxan isomerises into o-dinitrosobenzene,is in agreement with the experimental(58.6kJ/mol)provided by reference,and the activation energy(Ea-=4.6kJ/mol)of back-ward reaction is very small.It is concluded thereby that benzofuroxan is more stable than o-dinitrosobenzene.In addition,the corresponding ab initio calculations at the level of HF/3-21G,HF/6-31Gand MP2/6-31G//6-31G were completed,and it was found that the calculated results by B3LYP-DFT method are superior to those from ab initio calculation.

结果表明，苯并氧化呋咱的分子总能量比邻二亚硝基苯的低；由苯并氧化呋咱异构为邻二亚硝基苯的正向反应活化能（Ea+=51.0kJ/mol），与文献实测值（58.6kJ/mol）较接近，而其逆向反应活化能（Ea-=4.6kJ/mol）很小，从而揭示了苯并氧化呋咱比邻二亚硝基苯更稳定·此外，进行了HF/3-21G、HF/6-31G和MP2/6-31G//6-31G水平下相应的计算，发现B3LYP-DFT的结果较abinitio为优。

This paper endogens carbon tax and subsidy two variables, discussing how to decide the optimal level of carbon tax and subsidy. The results of the research are obtained as the following:(1) price and capital subsidy which one is priority depend on the productivity of renewable energy capital, if productivity is high enough, then should adopt capital subsidy policy;(2) price and capital subsidy indeed exist trade-off and non-independent relationship;(3) renewable energy regulation ratio has negative effect on carbon tax, however has positive effect on price subsidy;(4) green certificate price increase will result in decrease carbon tax and price subsidy, but increase capital subsidy;(5) if the authority loose the environmental target, then should impose high carbon tax which maintains the environmental quality, but have ambiguous effect on subsidy policy;(6) increasing stability of renewable energy, then increase price subsidy, however, under budget constraint should decrease capital subsidy;(7) analyzing Taiwan's three wind power energy with different price subsidy, which can improve the technology of wind power energy. In another word, it can raise the capacity of wind power energy and reach the goal of renewable energy.

本文考量政府预算限制下，探讨最适碳税税率与补贴率订定之问题，获得如下发现：(1)发电量补贴与资本补贴对促进再生能源发展效果不一样，决定於再生能源资本的生产力，如果资本生产力足够高，则发电量补贴效果较佳；反之，则应优先采行资本补贴措施；(2)发电量补贴与资本补贴的确存在抵换而非独立关系，亦即在政府预算限制下，为促进再生能源发展，应将种种补贴措施整合考量，以最低行政成本达到再生能源发展目标；(3)再生能源管制配比与碳税税率及资本补贴率呈反向变化关系；而与发电量补贴呈正向关系；(4)绿色权证交易制度具促进再生能源管制目标达到之奖励效果，因此，绿色权证价格提高可降低发电量补贴及碳税税率，降低碳税对经济不利冲击效果；(5)政府如果采行较宽松环境目标，宜提高碳税税率，避免环境品质进一步恶化，然而，对发电量或资本补贴之影响效果不确定；(6)再生能源发电效率愈高，则应提高再生能源发电补贴，在预算限制下，应降低再生能源资本补贴；(7)透过台湾三座风力机组的实证分析，采取差异性发电量补贴，将可诱导较高效率风力机组的投资行为，提高整体风力发电效率，达到再生能源发展之目标。

Through above study, the theoretical analysis of the inherent fault tolerance of feed-forward neural networks has been extended from hard-limit activation functions to differentiable activation functions; 2. By using above method, fault tolerance of discrete Hopfield feedback neural networks have been also analyzed. It means that the above method can be applied not only for feed-forward neural networks but also for feedback neural networks; 3. For the feed-forward neural network with the Sigmoid activation function, Chebyshev Inequality method was presented.

这项研究将以前仅限于对硬限幅作用函数前向神经网络固有容错性能的理论分析推广到具有可微作用函数的前向神经网络； 2 针对离散型Hopfield反馈神经网络，利用上面提出的方法，对其同样进行了容错性分析，得出许多有用的结论和计算公式，说明上面提出的方法不仅适用于前向神经网络，同时也适用于反馈神经网络； 3 针对具有Sigmoid作用函数的前向神经网络提出了一种切比雪夫不等式法。

The ideal activation process parameter as follow: The nickel sulfate hexahydrate concentration 15g·L~(-1);The Sodium borohydride concentration 15g·L~(-1); The Sodium hydroxide concentration 10-15 g·L~(-1);Hydrochloric acid concentration 10-15 g·L~(-1);The activation time in A solution 9min, the activation time in B solution 90s.

理想的活化工艺参数为：硫酸镍15g·L~(-1)，硼氢化钠15g·L~(-1)，氢氧化钠10-15 g·L~(-1)，盐酸10-15 g·L~(-1)，A液中活化的时间控制在9min左右为最佳，B液中活化的最佳时间为90s。

The ideal high temperature nickel activation process parameter as follow: Nickel acetate concentration 70g·L~(-1);Sodium hypophosphite concentration 70 g·L~(-1);Soakage temperature 40℃;Soakage time 5min ;activation time 30min;Activation temperature 170℃.

理想高温镍活化工艺参数为：乙酸镍浓度70g·L~(-1)，次磷酸钠浓度70 g·L~(-1)，浸渍温度40℃，浸渍时间5 min，活化时间30min，活化温度170℃。

Summary In copyright infringement cases,if the alleged infringer uses or even plagiarizes the copyrighted works or parts thereof,which causes no substantially adverse effect on the normal exploitation of the work,nor does it inflict any substantial damages to the right owner,the de minis doctrine should be applied to exempt the liabilities of the defendant and seek the balance of interests between the right owner and the general public embodied by the copyright law.

在侵犯著作权案件中，如果被控侵权行为人虽未经著作权人的同意，使用甚至抄袭了受著作权保护的作品或作品的片段，但若情节轻微，未对该作品的正常使用产生任何实质不利的影响，亦未对权利人的权利造成实质性的损害，则应适用&不计琐细原则&，免除行为人的责任，以寻求在权利人利益与著作权法所体现的社会公共利益之间的平衡。

This new product will become our best seller.

这个新产品会成为我们最畅销的产品。