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Starch esterification was proceeded with native cassava starch and three saturated free fatty acids: capric acid (C10:0), myristic acid (C14:0) and stearic acid (C18:0). The fatty acid modified starch was prepared by using lipase PS as the catalyst.

中文摘要本研究以天然树薯淀粉为反应基质，与三种不同链长饱和脂肪酸羊蜡酸(C10：0、肉豆蔻酸(C14：0)与硬脂酸(C18：0)分别於水相及有机相行酯化反应，并且以工业中常用的脂肪水解酶lipase PS催化酯键合成，可得脂肪酸修饰淀粉(fatty acid modified starch， FAMS)。

Results Ten known constituents were isolated and their structures were identified as 23-hydroxyursoIic acid (1), alphitolic acid (2), ursolic acid (3), dihydro-β-cyclopyrethrosin (4), sesamin (5),β-sitosterol (6), clauslactone-K (7), betulinic acid (8), lingueresinol (9), ent-isolariciresinol (10), respectively.

结果：从上述三种植物中共分离鉴定了10个化合物，其分别是：23-羟基熊果酸(1)、alphitolic acid(2)、熊果酸(3)、二氢-B-环除虫菊精(4)、芝麻素(5)、β-谷甾醇(6)、clauslactone-K(7)、白桦脂酸(8)、lingueresinol(9)和ent-isolariciresinol(10)。

The result showed that caffeic acid (PA4) and 3-O-coumaroyl-β-sitosterol (PE1) appeared to be most synergistic compounds for combining with other compounds and chlorogenic acid (PA6) was the most antagonistic compound with other compounds on the growth inhibition of A549, a human lung cancer cell line; while any 2-compound combinations of palmitic acid, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy- 4'-acetylisoflavone and stigmasterol (S1) appeared to be synergistic on the growth inhibition HT-29, a human colorectal cancer cell line.

由两种化合物组合的结果发现，咖啡酸(caffeic acid；PA4)或3-O-coumaroyl-β-sitosterol (PE1)与其他化合物组合时，对於抑制A549细胞增生方面有相乘的作用，另一方面，绿原酸(chlorogenic acid；PA6)与其他化合物组合时，有强烈的拮抗作用。

Water,c12-20 acid peg-8 ester,octyldodecanol,cetearyl isononanoate,butylene glycol,biosaccaride gum-1,peg-40 hydrogenated caster oil,ethylhexyl menthoxycinnamate,phenoxyethanol,potassium cetyl phosphate,macadamia ternifolia seed oil,dimethicone,carbomer,propylene glycol,glyceryl stearate,cocoglycerides,butyrospermum parkii,c12-13 alkyl lactate,methylparaben,benzophenone-3,pentadecalactone,sorbic acid,citrus aurantium dulcis oil,sodium hydroxyde,tocopheryl acetate,disodium edta,iris germanica root extract,retinyl palmitate,equisetum arvense extract,butylparaben,peg-8,propylparaben,ethylparaben,sodium hyaluronate,chlorhexidine digluconate,citrus aurantium amaraoil,tocopherol,ascorbyl palmitate,citric acid,ascorbic acid,limonene,linalool

水，c12-20 acid peg-8 ester，辛基十二烷醇，鲸蜡硬脂醇异壬酸酯，丁烯二醇，多醣物质，PEG-40氢化蓖麻油，4-甲氧基肉桂酸-2-乙基己基酯，苯氧乙醇，十六烷基磷酸钾，澳洲胡桃子油，地美司康，卡波姆，丙烯乙二醇，甘油硬脂酸，椰油脂酸甘油酯类，牛油果，c12-13烷醇乳酸酯，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯，二苯甲酮-3 ，环十五内酯，山梨酸，甜橙油，氢氧化钠，维生素E醋酸酯，乙二胺四乙酸二钠，鸢尾花萃取，维他命A酯，问荆萃取，对羟基苯甲酸丁酯，聚乙二醇- 8，羟苯丙酯，羟苯乙酯，透明质酸钠，洗必泰葡萄糖酸盐，苦橙油，维生素E ，维生素C棕榈酸酯，柠檬酸，抗坏血酸，柠檬精油，沉香醇水：几乎所有护肤品成分第一位都是水。辛基十二烷醇：界面活性剂、乳化剂、稠化剂，有一定刺激性

Thiol groups were good to be used in functionalizing gold nanoparticles, and ester bond formation and breakage played the major role in this research. Thioctic acid and 11-mercapto-1-undecanol were used to functionalize the gold nanoparticles and form ester bond by using the carboxylic acid group on thioctic acid and the hydroxyl group on 11-mercapto-1-undecanol. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to be the catalyst in this reaction, and sodium hydroxide was added for the proceeding of the reverse reaction.

硫醇官能基在金奈米粒子的修饰有很好的效果，利用带有硫醇官能基之tioctic acid 与11-mercapto-1-undecanol (11-MUDO)分子修饰在金奈米粒子上，并使TA上之羧基和11-MUDO上之羟基脱水生成酯化键，浓硫酸则是反应中的催化剂，而氢氧化钠则可促使系统进行逆反应。

After 3 months storage, our result showed that (1) color a value of rose liqueur with sucrose treatment had a slower decreased than with fructose treatment,(2) the sample added with caffeic acid or ferulic acid or tea polyphenol showed no significant difference in the color, anthocyanins content, and antioxidant capacity during storage as compared to control, and (3) the total amount of volatile compounds of rose liqueur decreased gradually, however there was one ester volatile formed, hexadecanoic ethyl ester, during storage.

贮藏三个月发现，(1)以果糖勾兑者在储藏试验中，其红色度下降速度较以蔗糖处理者快，建议仍以非还原糖进行勾兑对日后酒液保存较易，且酒液最好能予以避光包装，以避免颜色品质的下降；(2)添加不同之多酚类化合物时发现，添加caffeic acid、ferulic acid和茶多酚对酒液色泽、花青素含量、以及抗氧化能力之降低速度与控制组并无显著性的差异。(3)酒液储藏三个月后，其香气高级醇均有减少之趋势；但有hexadecanoic acid， ethyl ester酯类出现。

Octadecatrienoic-acid, with the content of 45.90%, was presented to be the predominant compound. The content of 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid and linolic acid was 20.75% and 19.56% respectively.

结果表明，香蕉皮脂肪酸中十六碳酸的含量最高，为45.90%，2种必需脂肪酸a-亚麻酸(Z，Z，Z-9， 12， 15-octadecatrienoic acid和亚油酸(Z，Z-9， 12-octadecadienoic acid的含量分别为20.75%和19.56%。

Based on the results of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI-MS and UV spectra, the structures of three compounds with antitumor activity were identified as Prodigiosin、7-Hexadecenoic acid、7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, respectively; another compounds (no activity to above tumor cells)was identified as Myristic acid.

运用核磁共振（1H-NMR、13C-NMR）、质谱、紫外光谱等现代波谱技术分析，将其中3种具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物分别鉴定为灵菌红素、7-十六碳烯酸（7-Hexadecenoic acid）、7，10-十八碳二烯酸（7，10-Octadecadienoic acid）；鉴定另一种对上述肿瘤细胞无活性的化合物为肉豆蔻酸。

The induced rate of rooting with naphthaleneacetic acid was higher than indolebutyric acid. The medium supplemented with 50 mg/l ascorbic acid and 0.5 mg/l NAA could improve the growth and development of root system. 57.5% of shoots could develop to the well-rooted plantlets and develop into healthy and fertile plants when planted in soil.

将芽体分割进行发根试验的结果显示，naphthaleneacetic acid诱导根系的效果优於indolebutyric acid，添加50 mg/l抗坏血酸和0.5 mg/l NAA之培养基则有更好的效果，约有57.5%的芽体可再生成具有旺盛根系的植株，经移植至土壤中也可生长健旺及正常开花。

Twenty-seven compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the stems of Pinus massoniana by means of chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated as 8(14),15-Pimaradien-19-oic acid (1), Pimaric (2), Podocarpic acid (3), 12-Hydroxydehydroabietic acid (4), Dehydroabietic acid (5), 15-Hydroxydehydroabietic (6), 3β-Methoxyserrat-14-en-21-one (7), 3β-Hydroxy- serrat- 14-en-21-one (8), 3β-Methoxyserrat-14-en-21-one-30-al (9),(24R)-Stigmst- 4-ene-3-one (10),β-sitosterol (11),-3-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-stilbene(12), 4-Hydroxy-3- methoxycinnamaldehyde (13),-Ferulic acidtetracosyl ester (14), Alkylferulates (15), Pinocembin (16), Coniferaldehyde (17), Matairesinol (18),-Nortrachelogenin (19), Balanophonin (20), Cedrusin (21),-Pinoresinol (22), Tanegoside (23), 1,2-Bis-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-diol (24),(1S*, 2S*)-1-(4- Hydroxyphenyl) glyceri...

同时对马尾松枝条的甲醇提取物利用各种色谱技术进行了分离纯化，并利用现波谱技术鉴定了27个化合物的结构，分别为：8(14)，15-Pimaradien-19-oic acid (1)、海松酸(2)、罗汉松酸(3)、12-羟基脱氢松香酸(4)、脱氢松香酸(5)、15-羟基-脱氢松香酯(6)、3β-甲氧基-锯齿石松-14-烯-21-酮(7)、3β-Hydroxyserrat-14-en-21-one (8)、3β-Methoxyserrat-14-en-21– one-30-al (9)、(24R)-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(10)、-3-羟基-5-甲氧基-二苯乙烯(12)、4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde (13)、-Ferulic acidtetracosyl ester (14)、Alkylferulates (15)、Pinocembin (16)、Coniferaldehyde (17)、罗汉松树脂酚(18)、 Balanophonin (20)、tanegoside (23)、1，2-Bis-(4-hydroxy- 3-methoxyphenyl)-propane- 1，3-diol (24)、(1S*，2S*)- 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycerins (25)、(1R*，2R*)-1-(4-hydroxy- phenyl)gly-cerins (26)和赤松素(27)。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。