查询词典 acid ratio

The results of the experiment showed that the etherification ratio can be reached 93.5% when the mole ratio of alcohol and acid was 1:2; solid super acid SO4(superscript 2-)/Fe2O3 as catalysts and the reaction time for 2 hours.

实验结果表明较好的酯化条件是：n：n为1：2；催化剂为固体超强酸SO4(上标 2-)/Fe2O3；酯化时间为2h。其酯的收率可达93.5%。

The present invention adopts the technical proposal of adopting ZSM-5 mesoporous molecular sieve raw powder with a silicon-aluminum mol ratio SiO2Al2O3 of 20 to 1000 and a weight percentage of 20 to 100 percent as well as at least one caking agent selected from SiO2, clay and Al2O3 to extrude, tablet or spray into shape; then treating for 1 to 8 hours by 0.1 to 3 mol/l of at least one ammonium liquor from ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride or ammonium sulphate or 0.1 to 8.5 mol/l of at least one acid liquor from muriatic acid, nitric acid, vitriol or acetic acid under a temperature of 20 to 90 DEG C; then using steam to treat for 2 to 15 hours under the temperature condition of 400 to 700 DEG C; using a liquor of 0.1 to 3mol/l selected from at least one of oxalic acid, citric acid or maleic acid under a temperature condition of 20 to 90 DEG C to dip for 2 to 5 hours to obtain the modified molecular sieve catalyst, thus better solving the problems.

本发明通过采用硅铝比SiO2/Al2O3为20～1000重量百分比计20～100％的ZSM-5介孔分子筛原粉与余量的选自SiO2、粘土或Al2O3中至少一种粘结剂挤条、压片或喷球成型；再经过0.1～3摩尔/升选自硝酸铵、氯化铵或硫酸铵中的至少一种铵溶液或0.1～8.5摩尔/升选自盐酸、硝酸、硫酸或乙酸中的至少一种酸溶液在温度20～90℃下处理1～8小时；然后在温度为400～700℃条件下水蒸汽处理2～15小时；再用0.1～3摩尔/升选自草酸、柠檬酸或马来酸中至少一种在温度为20～90℃条件下浸渍2～5小时得所需改性分子筛催化剂的技术方案较好地解决了该问题，可用于甲醇转化制丙烯的工业生产中。

The esterifying effects of monascus, daqu and rhizopus strain on single acid (acetic acid, caproic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid) and mixed acid (acetic acid,caproic acid,lactic acid, and butyric acid mixed together according to the ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1) were studied.

对红曲霉、大曲以及根霉菌对单一酸（乙酸、己酸、乳酸、丁酸）和混合酸（四大酸按1∶1∶1∶1混合）的酯化效果进行了研究，结果表明，红曲霉能促进己酸、丁酸及混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成的酯类物质均为己酸乙酯，而且酯化能力极强；大曲能促进己酸、丁酸及混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成的酯类物质均为己酸乙酯，并且能促进乙酸与乙醇的酯化生成乙酸乙酯；根霉能促进己酸和混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成少量的己酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯。

Octadecanoic acid、tetradecanoic acid、hexadecanoic acid、eicosanoic acid、9-octadecenoic acid、9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid、5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid were increased dramatically in NASH group (P.05). Moreover,ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio is raised.

1脂肪酸分析结果提示NASH肝组织中正十二烷酸含量显著降低(P.05)，硬脂酸、十四烷酸、十六烷酸、二十烷酸、油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸和亚油酸含量显著升高(P.05)，ω-6：ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的比值升高。

In this paper, firstly using natural fatty acids including lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid etc. and disproportionated rosin as starting materials, the acyl reaction of starting materials with SOCl_2 respectively, and then using Schotten-Baumann condensation: on the reaction conditions of alkalescence, condensation of acylchloride with amino acid (sarcosine, glycine, alanine etc.), and then acidification, saltation. A series of anionic surfactants of N-acyl amino: sodium N-fatty acyl sarcosinate (SFS-12, SFS-14, SFS-16); sodiun N-fatty acyl glycinate(SFG-12, SFG-14, SFG-16); sodium N-fatty acyl alaninate(SFA-12, SFA-14, SFA-16)and sodium N-disproportionated rosinoyl aminatewere prepared. During the preparation of N-acylamino acid, the reaction conditions of acylchloride with amino acid condensation were identified by optimizing the synthetic conditions of N-lauroyl sarcosine: mol ratio of amino acid to acylchloride 2:1, reaction taken place in a solvent composed by acetone/water 2:1, acylchloride and 20% NaOH were slowly added to the reaction mixture at the same time while maintaining the pH at 9~10, after completion of adding maintaining reacting for 2.5h at 25℃.

首先以月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸等天然脂肪酸和歧化松香为原料，与氯化亚砜反应制得酰氯，然后采用Schotten-Baumann 缩合法路线，即在碱性条件下，酰氯和氨基酸(肌氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸等)缩合，经过酸化、成盐，合成一系列氨基酸型阴离子表面活性剂：脂肪酰肌氨酸钠，即月桂酰肌氨酸钠(SFS-12)、肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸钠(SFS-14)、棕榈酰肌氨酸钠(SFS-16)；脂肪酰甘氨酸钠，即月桂酰甘氨酸钠(SFG-12)、肉豆蔻酰甘氨酸钠(SFG-14)、棕榈酰甘氨酸钠(SFG-16)；脂肪酰丙氨酸钠，即月桂酰丙氨酸钠(SFA-12)、肉豆蔻酰丙氨酸钠(SFA-14)、棕榈酰丙氨酸钠(SFA-16)；N-歧化松香酰基氨基酸钠(sodium N-disproportionated rosinoyl aminate)，即N-歧化松香酰基肌氨酸钠(sodium N-disproportionated rosinoyl sarcosinate ，简称SDRS)、N-歧化松香酰基甘氨酸钠(sodium N-disproportionated rosinoyl glycinate，简称SDRG)、N-歧化松香酰基丙氨酸钠(sodium N-disproportionated rosinoyl alaninate，简称SDRA)。

The yield of conversion and reaction rate were investigated under different reaction temperature, reactant ratio and catalyst amount through conditional experiment, and best conditions were confirmed, which was 75℃, the ratio of 1:4 for binary acid to ethanol and the amount of silicotungstic acid was 2% of mixing binary acid quality.

通过条件试验，分别考察了在不同的温度、投料比、催化剂用量情况下酯化反应的转化率和反应速率，最终确定了该反应的最佳反应条件：温度75℃，酸醇比为1：4，催化剂用量为混合二元酸质量的2%。

The results show high selectivity when the temperature is controlled at 50 CC , and the nitrated reaction time is 90 mm, toluene is nitrated by using 95% nitric acid as nitrating reagent at the presence of acetic anhydride, 1.0g silicotungstic acid catalyst is calcinated at 300℃ for 1.5h. The o/p (ratio of ortho to paro isomer of toluene nitration) ratio is 0.89 in product distribution of toluene nitration, lower than 1.67 using sulfonitric acid as catalyst. The yield of products is 91.6%.

结果表明，在醋酐存在条件下，以CCl4为溶剂，以质量分数为95%的硝酸为硝化剂，反应温度控制在50℃，反应60 min， 1.0g经300℃焙烧1.5h后的硅钨酸催化剂，对甲苯表现出强的区城选择性，甲苯硝化产物o/p值（甲苯硝化产物邻位和对位异构体的质量比）达0.89，较硝硫混酸的1.67显著降低，产物收率达到91.6%。

On the basis of summarizing separation method of acetic acid-water system, we studied the azeotropic distillation process of acetic acid-water system, selecting butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isopropyl acetate as entrainers. The influence of packing height, ratio of water to entrainer and acetic acid initial concentration to separation effect of azeotropic distillation was studied in detail. Simulation calculations of general distillation and azeotropic distillation were carried out. The influence of reflux ratio, theoretical plate, feed position, feed temperature and feed concentration to distillation process were discussed. Preferred process operation parameter, which had guiding meaning to practical production of distillation process were obtained. Basic data for the process amplifying design of azeotropic distillation tower were provided. Invest and operation energy consumption of two distillation methods were compared. The elementary technical design of azeotropic distillation tower was carried out on the basis of result of simulation calculation. The type of major auxiliary equipments and inner parts of packed tower were selected.The research results are as follows:(1) Butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isopropyl acetate could be selected as entrainer, and separation effect was near.

本文在综述醋酸-水体系分离方法的基础上，以醋酸丁酯、醋酸异丁酯、醋酸异丙酯为挟带剂，对醋酸水溶液进行共沸精馏过程研究，详细研究了填料高度、水与挟带剂的配比、醋酸初始浓度等对共沸精馏分离效果的影响；对醋酸-水体系进行普通精馏和共沸精馏过程模拟计算，讨论了回流比、理论板、进料位置、进料温度和浓度对精馏过程的影响，获得了对醋酸-水体系精馏过程实际生产具有指导意义的较佳的工艺操作参数、共沸精馏塔的工艺设计放大的基础数据，并对两种精馏方法的投资、操作能耗进行了比较；同时在共沸精馏模拟计算的基础上进行了共沸精馏塔的初步工艺设计计算，并对填料塔的主要辅助设备及塔内件进行了初步选型。

The active zinc borate, hydrophobic and oleophilic, is prepared, using borax, zinc sulfate, boric acid and fatty acid or its salt as the material and water as the solvent, by controlling the proper reaction temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio, material ratio, reaction time and the addition quantity and time of the fatty acid or its salt and by filtering, drying and pulverizing.

本发明以硼砂、硫酸锌、硼酸和脂肪酸或其盐为原料，以水做溶剂，通过控制适当的反应温度、固液比、物料比、反应时间及脂肪酸或其盐的加入量及加入时间，通过过滤、干燥和粉碎制备出疏水亲油的活性硼酸锌。

It was established that, the fish skin was stirred two times with 2.5% or 5% NaCl solution at a ratio of material to solvent of 1:10 at about 5℃ for 12h, about 5.9%, 6.7%, 9.1% soluble non-collagenous protein could been separated from skin of silver carp, bighead carp and grass carp, then by homogenizing with acid at a ratio of material to solvent of 1:30, about 78.9%, 84.1%, 82.0% of collagen from skin of silver carp, grass carp and bighead carp could be extracted by acetic acid or citric acid.

结果表明，鲢、鱅鱼皮经2.5％NaCl溶液(1：10)，草鱼鱼皮经5％NaCl溶液(1：10)，温度5℃左右，12h磁力搅拌处理二次，除去的可溶性蛋白分别占原总蛋白的5.9％、6.7％、9.1％。鱼皮再经加酸(1：30)溶胀、均质处理后，即可得到鱼皮胶原蛋白的粗提取液，鲢、草鱼鱼皮的酸提取回收率以醋酸为最高，分别为78.9％、84.1％，鱅鱼皮以柠檬酸为最高，约为82.0％。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。