查询词典 accounting documents

In order to change the rigidity of accounting policies, the incomparability of accounting information and the inflexibility of accounting system, on December 29, 2000, the Ministry of Finance issued the Accounting System for Business Enterprises, which has great significance on standardizing the accounting treatments and improving the quality of accounting information.

为了改变原会计制度下形成的会计政策僵化、信息可比性差、制度弹性小等局面，2000年12月29日财政部发布了《企业会计制度》，对于规范会计核算工作，提高会计信息质量具有重要意义；同时，也进一步扩大了会计与税法之间的差异，增大了纳税调整的难度。

We could use two 'inharmonious' to depict the current situation of researches and applications of the accounting theories: one is the inharmony of the development of the theories of financial accounting and management accounting, where the research of the theories of management accounting far drops behind that of financial accounting; the other is the inharmony of the applications of management accounting.

当前我国会计理论研究与应用的现状可以用两个"不协调"加以概括：一个是财务会计理论与管理会计理论发展不协调，管理会计理论的研究远远落后于财务会计；另一个是管理会计理论研究与应用的不协调，很多先进的、可行的会计理论方法在我国企业没有得到有效的应用，造成企业效益的低下和管理水平的落后。

Taking assets-related events as an example and using several quantitative methods including Jaccard Coefficient, on one hand this paper examines and analyses the harmonization degree between China's accounting standards and international accounting standards (IAS3)and its changes on different stages during China's accounting reforms since 1998; on the other hand, based on the related accounting policies adopted respectively in the domestic and oversea annual reports of B-share companies, the paper also measures the degree and process of international harmonization of China's accounting practice. Nevertheless, the paper examines the relationship between the two types of accounting harmonization directively through several non-parameter statistic methods.

本文以资产计价相关会计事项为例，运用Jaccard系数等多种量化研究方法，对1998年以来我国会计改革的不同发展阶段1上中国会计准则与国际会计准则(IAS2)之间的协调程度及其变化趋势进行了测量与分析；并以我国B股上市公司分别按CAS与IAS编制的境内、外年报所采纳的相关会计政策为数据来源，测量了我国会计实务的国际协调程度与进程；此外，本文亦通过多种非参数统计方法直接检验了会计的准则协调与实务协调之间的关系。

At present China accounting environment, we shouldn't hold the passivism towards these paradoxes posed by the current existed accounting surroundings and expected, supposed to be surroundings, as well as the impacts on the responsibilities of accounting, but positively engage in the research and analysis to fine doable means and policies dealing with the situations, in order to solve those specific accounting problems we are facing, to enhance accounting's capabilities and functions, to prompt the health advancing on accounting work.

在我国当前会计环境下，我们不应消极地看待当前会计客观环境与主观环境以及对会计职能的不利影响，而应积极地进行分析及研究对策，以期解决我们所面临的一些特殊会计问题，增强会计职能。促进会计工作健康发展。

The article include material and value accounting, and on the base of the natural environmental features of Chongqing, the accounting choused forests, cultivated lands grasslands, standing stocks and topsoil resources as objects of research, For accuracy and reality, accounting dont include the value of the artificial ecology environment, The target of accounting is to combine the environmental accounting and national economic accounting, so, it is clear that running of macro-economy of Chongqing from 1997 to 1999 is sustainable to ecology environment, but the environment cost is very big.

为了使核算更准确和真实，人工生态环境的价值没有被考虑。核算的目标是把环境核算和国民经济核算结合起来，因此，可以清楚的看到1997-1999年重庆市宏观经济运行尽管是生态环境可持续的，付出的环境代价却也十分昂贵。

Article 45 Whoever incites, instigates or forcibly orders accounting offices, accounting personnel and other persons to forge or alter accounting vouchers or account books, to prepare false financial and accounting reports, or to conceal or intentionally destroy accounting vouchers, account books as well as financial and accounting reports that should be kept according to law, and therefore constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal liability in accordance with law; a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan may be imposed if no crime is constituted, and the persons who are State functionaries shall also be imposed upon administrative sanctions of demoting to a lower rank, removing from post or expelling from the units according to law by the unit to which they belong or the unit concerned .

第四十五条授意、指使、强令会计机构、会计人员及其他人员伪造、变造会计凭证、会计帐簿，编制虚假财务会计报告或者隐匿、故意销毁依法应当保存的会计凭证、会计帐簿、财务会计报告，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，可以处五千元以上五万元以下的罚款；属于国家工作人员的，还应当由其所在单位或者有关单位依法给予降级、撤职、开除的行政处分。

Along with economic development,especially the appearance of derived finace instruments,historical cost is becoming hard to cope with such complicated situation. Fair value is introduced to some related rules of International Accounting Standards Board and transacted widely. In 2006,fair value was lead into our new Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises - Basic guidelines as accounting standards project of the accounting measurement attributes. It generally has same range of fair value in international accounting standards,mostly tend to be like international accounting standards.

摘 要：随着经济的发展，特别是衍生金融工具的不断涌现，历史成本逐渐难以应付如此复杂的局面，国际会计准则理事会的有关准则中引入了公允价值并对其进行了广泛的运用。2006年，我国新《企业会计准则-基本准则》引入公允价值作为会计计量属性的会计准则项目，与国际会计准则中公允价值的范围基本一致，与国际会计准则趋同。

This thesis first re-explain the application ofgovernmental accounting according to the subject postulates of the four basis postulates, and suggest that the viewpoint of differentiating accounting recording subject and reporting subject and makes some suggestions how to establish the reporting subject in the Chinese government . Secondly, this thesis puts forward a viewpoint that we should take basis of accounting as a basic postulates of government accounting, and an analysis on the initializing mechanism and realization mechanism of governmental accounting worldwide, and last this thesis makes some suggestions on the Choice base of Chinese governmental accounting.

首先对现有四个基本假设中的主体假设在政府会计中的应用进行重新解释，提出区分记账主体和报告主体的观点以及对如何确立中国政府会计的报告主体提出建议：其次，主张将会计基础作为政府会计的一项基本假设，并结合国际社会政府会计实践对政府会计运用权责发生制和收付实现制进行了分析，提出中国政府会计基础选择的若干建议。

The standards of evidential material on medical documents as follows:(1) Medical documents including hospital records must been made in stipulated time established by hygeian administrative department;(2) Medical documents must be provided by qualified medical units and doctors;(3) Medical documents must be recorded by doctor-self after check-up, diagnosis and treatment;(4) The form and contents of medical documents must be in accord with the demands of hygeian administrative department.

结果 医学文书属公文性书证，作为证据应具备下列标准：(1)按卫生部门规定时限完成，不能在诉讼后补写；(2)出具的医学文书应是取得执业许可的医疗机构和医务人员；(3)必须是医师亲自诊治、检查；(4)出具医学文书内容和格式必须符合卫生行政部门要求。

The meaning of forgey in various legislation comprises visible forgery and invisible forgery.Visible forgery is the man,who has no right to make documents,personates other's nominal and makes documents.Invisible forgery is the man,who has right to make documents,makes false documents.The difference between them is whether the nominal person and manufacturer are identical.The purpose of penalizing invisible forgery is it infringes upon documents' evidence.

对于伪造，我国学说和司法实践较为关注无制作权限人的非法制作文书的行为，对有制作权限者所从事的制作内容虚伪文书行为却重视不够，但从伪造文书罪的保护法益来看，无形伪造的行为也侵犯了文书的社会信用，有必要加以刑事处罚；另外，在理论上和实践中区分两种不同情形的伪造，有利于明确刑事立法的宗旨，推动立法的改进和理论研讨的深入。

Purposes of legislation based on the New Approach principles. In order to ensure consistency with other sectoral

2008 年7 月9 日通过的《欧洲议会和理事会关于产品市场营销共同框架的第768/2008/EC 号决议》为基于新办法原则的立法提供了共同原则和参考规定。

Objective To introduce the rehabilitation methods after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament with quadru-pled-stranded semitendinosus tendon and suture plate.

目的：介绍采用四股半腱肌肌腱和缝线钢板重建前十字韧带后的康复训练方法，总结某近期效果。方法：对51例陈旧性前十字韧带损伤的患者采用四股半腱肌肌腱和缝线钢板进行重建，术后进行1年以上系统的康复指导。