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With the acceleration of industrial growth came acuteurbancrowding and accompanying social stress -- conditions thatbegan toapproach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, thefirstcommercially successful electric traction line wasdeveloped.

随着工业化的加速发展，城市里出现了严重拥挤和相伴而来的社会压力。当1888年第一条商业上成功的电气化铁轨被制造出来时，压力开始接近危机的程度。

Laser optics ; electron acceleration ; ponderomotive force ; single test electron model

激光光学；电子加速；有质动力；单电子运动模型

During this time, the ship, moving with the acceleration g , will cover the distance L given by the following formula of elementary mechanics

在这段时间里，飞船以加速度 g 前进，前进距离 L 将根据下面基本计算的公式给出

Acceleration 加速术 The mage accelerates his personal temporal motion, enabling her to move and act quicker than is normally possible.

法师对他自己的时间运行加速，使得他能够比平常更迅速的移动或者动作。

Under the consideration of the acceleration of marketing and internationalization, and also taking account of relevant endocentric and exogenous factors, such as institution and technology, this thesis will discuss and construct the six supporting systems for CVI from the aspects of policy, information, social environment, technological innovation, capital investment and circulation.

本论文立足于市场化与国际化进程不断加快的国情现状，综合考虑相关蔬菜产业发展的来自于制度、技术等方面的内生及外生因素，从政策支撑、信息支撑、社会环境、技术创新、资本投入及物流支撑等角度系统的探讨并构筑中国蔬菜产业发展的六大支撑体系。

Energetic Particle and Plasma Spectrometer: Measurements of the acceleration of charged particles at the Venus bow shock, where the solar wind slams in to the atmosphere

高能粒子及离子光谱仪：测量金星弓形激波，也就是太阳风轰击大气的地方，处带电粒子的加速度

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

The size and velocity of the droplets change continuously during their entrainment and acceleration in the hot gas combustion flow.

大小和速度的液滴不断变化的期间，夹带和加速度在炎热的气体燃烧流。

In addition, we find the standard DGP model has a late-time self-acceleration solution and its equation of state w

这些结果都非常的有意思，能够很好的与今天的天体实验观测符合，给出加速膨胀的宇宙的解释，从而预测未来的宇宙演化。

In Chapter 5, a scheme of the equilibrium iteration with a constant stiffness matrix is constructed by means of Steffensen's acceleration in the fixed-point iteration.

在第五章，我们利用不动点迭代的Steffensen加速方法构造了一个基于常刚度的平衡迭代格式。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。