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The construction of communication theory is a consequence of interaction of complex social network forces, and the forces of constraints not only come from discipline and temptations of political and economic power, but also from the growing bureaucracy and the struggle of position and power in the academic field, and even from the resistance and disesteem of the other disciplines.

传播学理论的建构是一种复杂的社会关系网络力量作用的结果，制约性的力量既有来自****和经济权力的规训与诱惑，也来自学术场域日益严重官僚做派以及学术场域内位置与权力之争，甚至还有其他学科的冷遇与抵制。

Starting from the traditional theme of disinterested pleasure, it re-evaluates two essential prepositions in the academic discussion of experience of beauty, that is, the necessity of disinterestedness and the undesirable or even damaging role of sensory pleasure. On the basis of these observations, this dissertation goes on to unearth and finally recover the essential factors engaged in the experience of beauty.

本文从对传统的"审美是无功利的快感"这一基础命题的怀疑出发，对命题中的无功利在审美中的必要性问题和感官快感对审美的损害问题重新进行审视和质疑，并在此基础上展开对审美的情感的微观分析和理论推导，将审美的情感中所涉及到的因素清晰化。

The dissertation is to study the system, characteristics, inner and outer condition; to firstly disjoin four phases that are gestation period (1840 ~ 1894), formation period (1894 ~ 1902), new politics runtime (1902~1911), the early Republic runtime (1912~1919); to establish a academic and actual analytical frame for the neoteric moral transformation; to make the concrete characters of every phase clear; to probe the deep-seated reasons of the incomplete transformation.

通过批判性的反思意识，具体考察了中国传统德育的体系构成、特点以及转型的内、外历史条件，首次创造性地划分了德育转型的酝酿期（1840～1894）、形成期（1894～1902）、"新政"运作期（1902～1911）和民初运作期（1912～1919）四个时期，确立了德育近代转型的理论和实践分析框架，厘清了每个阶段观念转型、运作转型的具体表现形态，剖析了近代德育不完全转型的深层次原因。

Moreover, the trace of academic transplant is obvious, so there is a prodigious disjunction in the criminal constitution theory in China.

但各种理论硬性移植的痕迹比较明显，与我国现行的犯罪构成理论有很大的脱节，因此有必要依据我国的犯罪构成理论来进行探讨。

In the process of economic development and urbanization in china, city house dismantlement becomes an important problem and progressively attracts much attention from both governmental and academic areas.

伴随着中国的现代化、城市化和经济的快速发展，城市房屋拆迁作为其中的一个重要问题领域，也在发展过程中引起了政府和学术讨论的关注。

It is a disputable system in academic circles.

在学界是有争议的一项制度。

There are many deficiencies existed in the present VSTE curriculum, such as the deflection of curriculum location, the phantom of curriculum function, the dislocation of curriculum structure and the absence of curriculum materials, which reflect the disseverance of academic, normal and technical VSTE.

当前职教教师教育课程存在明显的专业化缺陷，主要体现在课程定位偏位、课程功能虚位、课程结构错位、课程内容缺位，其实质是职教教师教育的学术性、师范性与技术性的割裂。

This article tries to reveal the unique, inherent reason and the effect of Chinese distaff literature, give us a general knowledge about this field, rising the attention and starting the deeply discussion all over the academic field.

全文力图展现中国女性文学的独特之处、内在原因，及重大影响，给予后人以大致了解，并试图引起学术界的广泛关注，进行更深层次的研究与探讨。

In especial he has been making a thorough study for physics of edge plasma, limiter and divertor plasma in tokamaks for long time, he has wide academic exchanges and collaboration with the scientists at home and abroad.

对托卡马克边界层等离子体物理、限制器和偏滤器物理有长期和深入的研究，国内外有广泛的学术交流和合作。

Students must also fulfill divisional requirements that are specific to each academic program.

学生还必须满足特定于每个学年的程序师的要求。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。