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The management under the modernity make the chair in university become a quantitative posatition,the posation generate power through symbol,the formulable academic posation generate strong discipline power.Academic creation become a plan project,individuals face a giant engineering structure,the individual moral sensitivity ebbed away. Bestir excessively make arousal become chastisement.Academic activity is making difference and competition in the control of currency, and academic activity become monetization. Academic estimation become a shortterm action.

现代性之下大学的管理使得大学的学术职位演变为一个数量化的位置，这一位置利用符号产生力量，&公式化&的学术位置制造了强大的规训力量；学术创造变成规划性工程，个人时刻面临着非个人的巨型工程结构，个体的道德敏感性泯灭其中；激励与惩罚在现代性之下分界线模糊，对学术激励的过分使用使学术激励其演化成了学术惩罚；大学内学术在货币指挥下正不断地制造差异与竞争，学术货币化；学术考核则演变成一种短期行为。

After discussing and analyzing these above conclusions, we put forward some pointed countermeasures: expedite the educational reforms, improve chemistry academic motivation of the high school students; change the concepts of education and culture in a practical way, raise and stimulate female students" chemistry academic motivation; follow the law of high school students" law of somatopsychic development, put forward innovative strategies to raise and stimulate students" chemistry academic motivation; try to rise students" chemical academic record,promote middling students optimize and poor students convert; try to alleviate the students" pressure, promote the comprehensive development of the students; make overall plans and take all factors into consideration, enhance the high school students" chemistry academic motivation all sidedly.

本研究在对以上结论讨论与分析的基础上提出了有针对性的建议：加快推进教育改革，进一步提高中学生化学学习动机；切实转变教育观念，培养和激发女生的化学学习动机；尊重中学生的身心发展规律，提出创新性的培养和激发策略；努力提高中学生化学学习成绩，促进中等生优化和差生转换；努力缓解学生压力，促进学生全面发展；统筹考虑多个因素，全面提高中学生化学学习动机。

The current dissertation has made a comprehensive study of Skinnerian Model with methodology of academic history by recounting Skinners academic career, sorting out Skinnerian Model system, analyzing social and academic backgrounds, and discussing its academic impact from the debates it has aroused in the academic circle and its practice.

首先从施坚雅的学术生涯入手，叙述了其研究活动，接着系统梳理了施坚雅模式的理论体系；然后分析了施坚雅模式的学术借鉴、理论特点和研究方法；再分析了施坚雅模式得以出现的社会背景和学术思潮；最后又从学术界对施坚雅模式的争论和实践两方面讨论了它的学术影响。

There exists a positive correlation in the analysis of the relationship between the students" proficiency test of self-explanation and academic performances in the correlation reaearch of the students" proficiency test of self-explanation and academic performances: there is a close relationship between academic performances of students and the mastery level of chemical concept study. As for the students with higher level of self-explanation,their quality of learning is higher and their academic performances are relatively better, proving that there is a close positive correlation between the academic performance of the test subjects and their self-explanation ability.

在对自我解释水平与学科成绩方面的相关性的研究中通过对被试学生的自我解释水平测试与学科成绩之间的分析发现了两者之间存在着正相关；学生的化学学科成绩与化学概念学习掌握水平之间存在着密切的关系，自我解释水平较高的学生化学概念学习质量较高，学科成绩也比较好，化学学科成绩与学生自我解释水平的存在着密切的正相关。

He is Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Reliability, Regional Editor for North and South American region for International Journal of Strategic Engineering Asset Management, and Editorial Board Member of IIE Transactions, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, International Journal of Quality, Reliability and Safety Engineering, and International Journal of Performability Engineering.

同时他还担任美国电气电子工程师学会可靠性学报的副主编、战略工程资产管理国际期刊负责北美和南美的地区编辑，以及国际教育学会会报、交通工程运输学报、国际品质、可靠性与安全工程杂志、国际可执行性工程等期刊的编辑委员会成员。

The special journals include cash receipts journal, cash payments journal, sales journal, and purchase journal.

特种日记账主要包括现金收入日记账、现金支出日记账、销货日记账和购货日记账。

Special-purpose journals consist of purchases journal,sales journal,cash receipts journal,and cash payment journal.

特殊日志由购买流水，销售流水，现金收据流水以及现金支付流水。

This conference is held by The Chinese Congress of Neurological Surgeons, the Editorial Committees of Chinese Journal of Neurosurgery, Chinese Journal of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Chinese Journal of Neuro-oncology and Chinese Journal of Neurosurgical Disease Research. The Neurosurgical Sodality of the 3 Northeast Provinces and Neurosurgical Institution of Harbin Medical University (The Department of Neurosurgery of the First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University) are the organizers of the conference.

本次大会是由中国医师协会神经外科医师分会主办、有《中华神经外科杂志》编委会、《中国微侵袭神经外科杂志》编委会、《中国神经肿瘤杂志》编委会、《中华神经外科疾病研究杂志》编委会等参与，由东北三省神经外科医师联谊会和哈尔滨医科大学神经外科研究所暨第一附属医院神经外科承办。

A APDL program is developed for analyzing the contact stress of journal bearing pair of roller cone bit. The 25 contact stress cases of different clearance fit(including clearance of large bearing is bigger, equal to and smaller than that of small bearing) journal bearing pair of the 8 1/2XXX roller cone bit are analyzed. The result is that the maximum contact stress is less when the clearance of large journal bearing pair is smaller than or equal to that of small journal bearing pair.

用参数化设计语言APDL编制了牙轮钻头滑动轴承的ANSYS接触有限元分析程序，根据钻头制造厂方提供的某8 1/2的轴承配合间隙尺寸，分三种不同的间隙配合（大轴间隙大于小轴间隙、大轴间隙等于小轴间隙、大轴间隙小于小轴间隙），共25种情况，对轴承的表面的接触应力进行了分析，得出：大轴间隙小于等于小轴间隙时最大应力比较小。

Taking into account the large number of information contained in authoritative journal about the History of Science, while avoiding the unreliability of results concluded by a single journal, through analyzing the contents metrically from 1993 to 2005 in three most authoritative journals on History of Science (ISIS, History of Science , British Journal for the History of Science), the paper displayed detailedly the microcosmic orbits of History of Science, revealed the hot points and hold the trends from the macrocosm and provided evidence and theoretical support for Historiography of Science. This will undoubtedly have an important academic value and theoretical significance.This article has three parts.

考虑到权威期刊所蕴涵的大量的科学史信息，同时避免单一期刊研究结论的不可靠性，本文选取国际上最权威的三份科学史综合期刊《爱西斯》、《科学史》、《英国科学史杂志》(British Journal for the History of Science)，对1993-2005年的内容进行计量分析，详细地展示这十多年来科学史研究的微观发展过程，并在三者计量结果进行相互比较印证的基础上，揭示科学史研究热点及发展脉络，从宏观上把握科学史研究的学术走向，对科学史研究重点的调整提供证明与借鉴，并为科学编史学的研究提供理论支持。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。