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This is my last OpenGL for a project to use the "three-dimensional vector space / point" and related functions, they can use a definition of space vector / points, for the vector translation, zooming and rotation, the use of correlation function can also achieve two vector by the fork, get a Vectors absolute length of a vector unit, received a 3:00 decision vector perpendicular to the plane, a space to be the distance between two points, two vector to be the plot points, to be the angle between two vectors, such as operating for the use of user-friendly, each function is detailed Notes, it is particularly important if the calculation vector plot points, fork also took note, we hope to have useful.

这是我过去进行一个OpenGL项目时使用到的"三维空间向量/点"类及相关函数，使用它们可以定义一个空间向量/点，实现向量的平移，缩放和旋转等，使用相关函数还可以实现两向量的叉乘，得到一个向量的绝对长度，将一个向量单位化，得到一个三点决定的平面的垂直向量，得到空间中两点的距离，得到两向量的点积，得到两向量的夹角等操作，为方便用户的使用，每个函数都有详细的注释，特别重要的向量计算如点积，叉乘还有相关说明，希望对大家有所用处。

Severus was alter accused of having been in youth a worshiper of idols and a dealer in magical arts (so the libellus of the Palestinian monks at the council of 536), and Zacharias is at pains to refute this calumny indirectly, though at great length, by relating interesting stories of the discovery of a hoard of idols in Menuthis in Egypt and of the routing of necromancers and enchanters at Berytus; in both these exploits the friends of Severus took a leading part, and Zacharias asks triumphantly whether they would have consorted with Severus had he not agreed with them in the hatred of paganism and sorcery.

塞维鲁是改变被指控犯有在青年崇拜者的偶像和经销商神奇的艺术（所以libellus巴勒斯坦僧侣在安理会的536 ），和撒迦利亚是煞费苦心地驳斥这种诽谤间接的，虽然很长，由有关的有趣的故事，他们发现了一个囤积的偶像Menuthis在埃及和路由necromancers和enchanters在贝来图斯；在这两个漏洞的朋友塞维鲁了领导组成部分，并要求胜利撒迦利亚他们是否会与consorted塞维鲁了，他不同意他们的仇恨异教和巫术。

And Bezaleel made the ark of shittim wood: two cubits and a half was the length of it, and a cubit and a half the breadth of it, and a cubit and a half the height of it

宸素兮。37：1 比撒列用皂荚木作柜，长二肘半，宽一肘半，高一肘半。

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

There are at least seven pathways by which a single segment or a sequence of non-identical segments can be transformed into a geminate consonant, resulting in the evolution of a consonantal length contrast for a given language.

根据进化方法的预测，双音的共时分布和行为将反映进化的历史进程。将一个音段或不同音段序列转换成为辅音双音，以使给定语言产生辅音长度对比的进化，至少有七条可寻路径。

As to the remaining parameters, two methods are developed: first, accepting that the projection function complies with a circular function within at least a part of a given field of view, constrained by the obtained object-to-image radial mapping and a constant focal length, the best-fitting point of the optical origin is tested along the optical axis; secondly, referring to the postulation of the exclusively bilateral mapping between an imaged point and its scenic sight ray, a measuring technique is developed to survey the world coordinates which will fabricate a projecting path to the imaged points located on the imageable region of the image plane in order to directly model the projection geometries involved.

而针对其余参数本文提出两种解题方法：其一是根据『在「部分视野角范围」内，鱼眼相机的投射模型符合一典型的「圆形函数」』以标靶实体与其影像尺寸为限制条件，测试光学轴上的最佳视觉参考点、鉴定最适当的投射模型、焦距、及有效的视野角度范围。其二是根据『一视野线排他性地与对应「呈影点」一一映射』参考一呈影点来搜寻空间中对应视野线的绝对座标后，据以演绎相机内部影像形成的模型。

The young barrister had brought a couple of dogs with him; and the country gentleman who gave fifty pounds for a pointer, and travelled a couple of hundred miles to look at a leash of setters before he struck a bargain, laughed aloud at the two miserable curs; one of which had followed Robert Audley through Chancery Lane and half the length of Holborn; while his companion had been taken by the barrister vi et armis from a costermonger who was ill-using him.

年轻的大律师带来一对小狗；那位曾经花五十英镑买一头短毛大猎犬，而且居然在成交之前长途跋涉二百英里去瞧三头一组的塞特种猎狗的乡绅，如今大声嘲笑那两头可怜巴巴的杂种狗了。一头跟着罗伯特·奥德利穿过大法官法庭巷，走了霍尔邦的一半路程；而它的同伴，乃是大法官从一个虐待它的、叫卖水果的小贩手里vietarmis①夺过来的。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Methods dioptres and the total physical dimensions of main refractive componentsincluding axis length,anterior chamber depth,lens thickness,vitreous length were measured in 82 cases (164 eyes). spss 11.5 software package were applied to analyze the data.

以2004年2月至2005年2月在本院门诊就诊的部分近视患者，应用眼科a型超声生物测量仪，对82例（164只眼）患者的近视屈光程度和屈光各要素（眼轴长度、前房深度、晶体厚度、玻璃体腔长度）测量值进行分析。

Meter length of pipe to be connected into more than 120 different root length, tilt angle diversified steel, more than 70% are double-inclined column -- a column in the vertical plane reversed twice.

边长一米的方钢管被连接成120多根长短不同、倾斜角度多样的钢柱，70％以上都是双斜柱——一根柱子在垂直面上扭转两次。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。