查询词典 Y chromosome

Granulosus is further;2. In differentiation of closely relatedspecies, the changes in heterochromatin and pericentric inversions are key factors, this is wellnoted in the small chromosomes;3. A. mantzorum has well-differentiated XY type sex chromo-'.omes, the Y chromosome is mainly composed of euchromatin, but has strong C-band in themiddle of the long arm. It is suggested that the Y chromosome of A. mantzorum is in the-initial stage of sex chromosome differentiation.

结果表明：(1)四川湍蛙、理县湍蛙和棕点湍蛙之间的亲缘关系较近，而它们与棘皮湍蛙的亲缘关系较远；2）在近缘种的分化中，染色体结构异染色质的变化和臂间倒位是重要的因素之一，这在小型染色体上表现得尤为突出；四川湍蛙具有在形态上分化很明显的性染色体。C带分析表明，此性染色体主要由常染色质构成，但在其Y染色体的长臂上存在明显的中间C带，推测尚处于性染色体分化的初期阶段。

This text is mainly about the analysis of the palindromes of Y chromosome. We mainly used DOTTER program for detailed comparison of two sequences to obtain these results. The main contents are as follows:Chapter one mainly introduces the whole characteristics of human Y chromosome;Chapter two mainly describes the characteristics, functions and recombination modes of the palindromes in Y chromosome;Chapter three mainly analyses the symmetries of 8 palindromes of Y chromosome, we find a mechanism of symmetry breaking in P2 palindrome from a detailed analysis;initially introduces other 7 palindromes.

本文主要借助于DOTTER程序对Y染色体的回文序列进行分析，主要内容如下：第一章主要介绍人类Y染色体的整体特征；第二章主要描述Y染色体中回文序列的特征、功能及重组模式；第三章主要是对Y染色体8个回文序列的对称性分析，主要对P2回文进行了详细分析，提出了P2回文的对称性发生破缺的机理；对其他7个回文进行了初步分析。

This text is mainly about the analysis of the palindromes of Y chromosome. We mainly used DOTTER program for detailed comparison of two sequences to obtain these results. The main contents are as follows:Chapter one mainly introduces the whole characteristics of human Y chromosome;Chapter two mainly describes the characteristics, functions andrecombination modes of the palindromes in Y chromosome;Chapter three mainly analyses the symmetries of 8 palindromes of Y chromosome, we find a mechanism of symmetry breaking in P2 palindrome from a detailed analysis;initially introduces other 7 palindromes.

本文主要借助于DOTTER程序对Y染色体的回文序列进行分析，主要内容如下：第一章主要介绍人类Y染色体的整体特征；第二章主要描述Y染色体中回文序列的特征、功能及重组模式；第三章主要是对Y染色体8个回文序列的对称性分析，主要对P2回文进行了详细分析，提出了P2回文的对称性发生破缺的机理；对其他7个回文进行了初步分析。

The result is: out of 187 cases of azoospermia, 77(41.18%)patients with abnormal chromosome(number and structural aberration); heteromorphic chromosome(Y chromosome polymorphisms and pericentric inversion of 9) and 46,XX sex reversal. Out of 30 cases of severe oligospermia, 4 patients with abnormal chromosome(structural aberration and 46,XX sex reversal).

发现187例无精症患者中检出异常核型77例（41.18%）（其中46，XY，t(6；14)(p21；p13)，46，XY，t(8；12)(p21；q24)为世界首报核型），主要涉及染色体异常；染色体异态（Y染色体异态和9号染色体臂间倒位）及46，XX性反转；30例严重少精症患者中检出异常核型4例（13.33%）（结构异常和46，XX性反转）。

The results revealed that nine of the fourteen Y-specific markers cannot be used for investigating the swamp buffalo Y chromosome genetic diversity because of the reasons specified below: three microsatellites markers (INRA008, UMN0103 and UMN0504) were single allele and monomorphism, three (UMN1113, UMN0304 and BC1.2) indicated three alleles respectively but mornomorphism, and the other three (UMN0920, UMN0307 and UMN3008) showed irregular ladder-like bands. Only the remaining five microsatellites (INRA124, INRA189, BM861, PBR1F1 and UMN2001) indicated polymorphisms, and thus can be applied to study the swamp buffalo Y chromosome genetic diversity.

结果表明，3个标记（INRA008，UMN0103和UMN0504）只有1个等位基因，表现为单态；3个标记（UMN1113，UMN0304和BC1.2）均为3个等位基因，但呈单态；3个标记（UMN0920，UMN0307和UMN3008）呈现无规律的梯状条带，所以这9个标记都不适用于水牛的Y染色体遗传多样性研究；只有5个标记（INRA124，INRA189，BM861，PBR1F1和UMN2001）具有多态性，表明适用于水牛的Y染色体遗传多样性研究。

The number of the chromosomes in Henan large tail sheep is 2n=54, the karyotypes of male and female sheep are 54, XY and 54, XX, respectively. There are 26 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex-chromosome. Among 26 pairs of autosomes, 3 pairs are metacentric chromosomes, 23 pairs are telocentric chromosomes. X chromosome is the biggest subtelocentric chromosome and Y chromosome is the smallest submetacentric chromosome.

河南大尾寒羊二倍体染色体数目为2n=54，公羊核型54，XY；母羊核型54，XX.27对染色体中包括26对常染色体和1对性染色体，常染色体中有3对为中着丝粒染色体，23对为端着丝粒染色体；性染色体中，X染色体为最大的端着丝粒染色体，Y染色体为最小的中着丝粒染色体。

The results showed that there was hybridization signal on metaphase chromosome and interphase nucleus of human,but no signal on metaphase chromosome and interphase nucleus of Microtus mandarinus.According to the results,we discussed the homologue between pY3.4 in Y chromosome of humanbeing and DNA of Microtus mandarinus and FISH result of Microtus mandarinus.

结果显示，人的中期染色体上和间期细胞核中发现了杂交信号，棕色田鼠的未发现杂交信号，由此讨论了棕色田鼠DNA与人Y染色体pY3.4的同源性和棕色田鼠的FISH结果，以便进一步研究棕色田鼠Y染色体。

After that, the metaphase karyotype of Muntiacus crinifrons were painted by using the product of the DOP-PCR of the Y chromosome of Muntiacus reevesi as a special probe and the result showed that Y2 chromosome was the real Y chromosome of Muntiacus crinifrons.

然后，将小麂的Y染色体的DOP-PCR产物经Cy3标记后直接作为涂染探针，应用染色体涂染技术与雌雄黑麂的核型标本进行杂交，确认了黑麂真正的Y染色体为Y2染色体。

Ninety-three patients with forty-two azoospermia and fifty-one severe oligozoospermia were recruited in present study. Y chromosome microdeletions were screened by detection of four locus SY84, SY134, SY255 and SPGY1 gene spaning the AZFa, AZFb and AZFc subregions of Y chromosome. The total incidence of Y microdeletions was 16%( 15/93 )in present study. Eight men in 42 patients with azoospermia had Y microdeletions, of whom 6 were AZFc deletion and 2 were AZFb deletion.

通过对93例男性不育（42例无精症和引例严重少精症）患者，Y染色体 SPGY基因、AZFa－SY84、AZFb－SY134和 AZFc－SY255位点缺失情况的研究，我们发现男性不育患者 Y染色体微缺失的发生率为 16％（ 5旧3人 42例无精子症患者中，有8例存在Y染色体微缺失，其中6例为AZF。

X chromosome was a large submetacentric chromosome. Y chromosome was a small metacentric chromosome.The relative length of chromosome was measured by AutoCAD software. The relative length of autosomes ranged from 1.545% to 4.921% in Yanbian yellow cattle and from 1.637% to 5.855% in Liyan hybrid cattle.

结果表明，延边黄牛和利延杂交牛二倍体染色体数目2n=60，公牛核型为2n=60，XY，母牛为2n=60，XX，其中29对常染色体均为端着丝粒染色体，X染色体为较大的亚中着丝粒染色体，Y染色体为较小的中着丝粒染色体。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

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如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。