查询词典 Wittgenstein

The author would further argue for the theses listed below:(1) Wittgenstein's"phenomenological period"could be regarded as the beginning of his lasting interest in"the philosophy of psychology"into the end of his life, whereas the interest of this kind didn't appear obviously in Tractatus;(2) By interpreting the"atomic propositions"as the simplest description of the data instead of avoiding illustrating what it is as Tractatus did, Wittgenstein's "phenomenological period"does show us an amazing affinity between his own standpoint at that time and that of the Russellian logical atomism, which is surely under the influence of the empiricist tradition;(3) Wittgenstein's critique of his phenomenology, however, revives the celebrated Tractarian dichotomy between"unspeakablity"and"speakablity"in a new context by denying any attempt to employ any linguistic tool to designate or describe the absoluteness of the data which could be only"shown".

本文所试图论证的要点可以被概括为：(1)维氏的"现象学阶段"可以被视为他关于"心理学的哲学"的长期学术兴趣的发端点——这一兴趣一直延续到他生命的终点，却并未体现于其早年作品《逻辑哲学论》之中；(2)通过将"原子命题"解释为对于感觉予料的最简单的描述（而不是像《逻辑哲学论》那样回避对于"原子命题"之所是的正面解说），维氏的"现象学阶段"乃是向我们展现了他该时期的哲学立场与罗素的经验论版本的"逻辑原子主义"之间的令人惊讶的亲缘关系；(3)通过否认任何试图用语言手段来标示或描述予料的企图，并通过对于予料自身的绝对性的展示，维氏对于他自己的"现象学"观念的批判实际上乃是复活了他在《逻辑哲学论》时代就已作出的对于"不可说性"与"可说性"的二分法。

Only under this presupposition, as the author concludes, can Wittgenstein's emphasis on"following a rule"be interfused into a complete"private language argument";(9) Finally, this dissertation would tell the readers why later Wittgenstein cannot be interpreted as a vulgar relativist who only acknowledges the relative validity of the linguistic rules obeyed in a certain community and who cancels out the status of the impressions in our language-games on impressions, since what Wittgenstein denies is not the existence of the impressions but just the speakability of them.

本文认为，只有在理解这一前提的情况下，我们才能将维氏对于&遵从规则&的强调熔铸到一个完整的&私人语言论证&中去；(9)最后，本文将向读者说明为什么后期维氏并不能被解释为一个粗俗的相对主义者，即只愿意承认在一个特定共同体中被遵守的语言规则的相对效用，并主张在关于感觉的语言游戏中去删除感觉所应占据的地位——因为维氏所拒斥的只是感觉印象的可说性，而非这些印象的存在本身。

The author would further argue for the theses listed below:(1) Wittgenstein's"phenomenological period"could be regarded as the beginning of his lasting interest in"the philosophy of psychology"into the end of his life, whereas the interest of this kind didn't appear obviously in Tractatus;(2) By interpreting the"atomic propositions"as the simplest description of the data instead of avoiding illustrating what it is as Tractatus did, Wittgenstein's "phenomenological period"does show us an amazing affinity between his own standpoint at that time and that of the Russellian logical atomism, which is surely under the influence of the empiricist tradition;(3) Wittgenstein's critique of his phenomenology, however, revives the celebrated Tractarian dichotomy between"unspeakablity"and"speakablity"in a new context by denying any attempt to employ any linguistic tool to designate or describe the absoluteness of the data which could be only"shown".

本文所试图论证的要点可以被概括为：(1)维氏的&现象学阶段&可以被视为他关于&心理学的哲学&的长期学术兴趣的发端点——这一兴趣一直延续到他生命的终点，却并未体现于其早年作品《逻辑哲学论》之中；(2)通过将&原子命题&解释为对于感觉予料的最简单的描述（而不是像《逻辑哲学论》那样回避对于&原子命题&之所是的正面解说），维氏的&现象学阶段&乃是向我们展现了他该时期的哲学立场与罗素的经验论版本的&逻辑原子主义&之间的令人惊讶的亲缘关系；(3)通过否认任何试图用语言手段来标示或描述予料的企图，并通过对于予料自身的绝对性的展示，维氏对于他自己的&现象学&观念的批判实际上乃是复活了他在《逻辑哲学论》时代就已作出的对于&不可说性&与&可说性&的二分法。

This is the germ of truth in Wittgenstein's gnomic suggestion in the Investigations that we do not believe that another person has a mind; we "treat him as a soul." Unfortunately, Wittgenstein overstates his case, and uncharacteristically contrasts belief with other attitudinal states.

这就是Wittgenstein在《哲学研究》中所建议的'我们不是相信他人有心灵，而是把它们作为灵魂来对待'的来源（不幸的是，Wittgenstein观察他的例子，不典型地把相信和其他如态度事态做成了对比。

In The Big Typescript, this dichotomy is detailed in his analysis of the temporal, spatial and genitive expressions, resulting in the distinction between the unspeakable"memory-time"(Ged〓chtniszeit) and the speakable"physical time", and that between the unspeakable"visual space" and the speakable"Euclidean space", etc;(4) From another perspective, the destruction of the conception of the "phenomenological language"could also be seen as the logical consequence of the radicalization of the one and the same conception, since this destruction does reinforce rather than weaken RLF's original intention of distinguishing the physical system from what are given in phenomena by demonstrating the incompatibility between this intention itself and the insistence on the speakability of the phenomena, which gives birth to the illusion of the"phenomenological language";(5) Nevertheless, what the radical distinction between the sense-data and the physical language (as the unique possible language) implies, according to Wittgenstein, is not that the latter has nothing to do with the former, but that the association between the two does not follow the"original sample-copy"pattern but the"screen-presenting-filmoperation"pattern, which indicates that phenomenon itself can be aroused by or included in-rather than to be described by-the physical language/system;(6) Thus Wittgenstein leads us to depart from the obsolete ambition of representing the immediately given data perfectly for a new destination where a comprehensive "perspicuity" of the"grammar"should be required and where his later philosophy is coming into being.

在《大打字稿》中，这一二分法在他对于时间表达式、空间表达式与人称表达式的分析中得到了细化，并导致了他对于"记忆时间"与"物理时间"的区分，以及对于"视觉空间"与"欧几里得空间"的区分，等等；(4)从另一个视角来看，维氏对于"现象学语言"观念的拆解也可以被视为同一观念在被加以彻底化后所导出的必然后果，因为这一拆解工作实际上乃是加强了，而不是削弱了他在写作《略论逻辑形式》时就已怀有的信念，即：必须将物理系统严格地区分于在现象中被直接给予的东西。换言之，维氏在这一拆解工作中所做的，只不过就是暴露了这一信念本身与对于现象之"可说性"的坚执之间的固有矛盾罢了——而所谓"现象学语言"的幻相，亦正是导源于上述坚执；(5)然而，根据维氏的本意，感觉予料与物理语言之间巨大的逻辑差异却并不意味着后者与前者毫无关联，而只是意味着两者之间的关系并不遵循着所谓的"原本—摹本"模式，而遵循的乃是"屏幕呈现—胶片运作"模式。

To sum up, this essay argues that Wittgenstein's aesthetics thinking had the power to animadvert on and perfect traditional aesthetics.

总起来看，本文认为，从理论上看，维特根斯坦的美学思想中包含了对传统美学批判和完善的力量。

paradox rule is no.201 item of wittgenstein's philosophical research which focuses on the relationship between the rule and the action. represented by bloor who takes paradox rules on the conduct of the suspected interpretation,ssk in a suspected interpretation thinks that the community assumpsit and benefits decide the consistency of action and rules. while represented by lynch who takes paradox rules on the conduct of the anti-interpretation of skepticism,post-ssk thinks that the rule is inherent of practice.

摘 要：规则悖论是维特根斯坦《哲学研究》的第二百零一条，主要讨论规则和行动的关系问题。ssk以布鲁尔为代表对规则悖论进行了怀疑式的解读，认为社会约定和利益决定了规则和行动的一致性；而后ssk以林奇为代表对规则悖论进行了反怀疑论的解读，认为规则内在于实践。

After the First World War, and Wittgenstein's logical atomism co-founded.

第一次世界大战前后，与维特根斯坦共同创立了逻辑原子主义。

Because Wittgenstein did not go far enough to apply the method of family resemblance thoroughly, finally he had to go back to some conclusions of Atomism.

由于在这一矛盾中维特根斯坦倾向于语言游戏，所以他最后就不得不回到同是原子论的《逻辑哲学论》中的某些结论上去。

The logical atomism discussed in this article is the major philosophical ideology of Bertrand Russell after the year of 1899 and of Ludwig Wittgenstein s early stage.

本文讨论的逻辑原子主义是指从一八九九年以后罗素和前期维特根斯坦的主要哲学思想。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。